英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. With any presenting client concern, the main technique in SFT is illuminating the exception. The therapist will guide the client to an area of their life where there is an exception to the problem. The exception is where things worked well, despite the problem. Within the exception, an approach for a solution may be forged. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. It is asked in a specific way and is outlined later in this article. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师后逐渐发展起来的。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题，并被用于多种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活的改善方向有一定了解。以下领域已不同程度地成功应用了SFT：抑郁症、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯率。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题的未来。通过教练和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。对于任何来访者关注的问题，SFT的主要技术是照亮例外。治疗师将引导来访者关注生活中问题不存在的例外情况。例外是指尽管存在问题，但事情仍然进展顺利的地方。在例外中，可以找到解决方案的途径。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。它以特定的方式提出，并在本文后面概述。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者在已经有效的基础上继续发展，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这可以让来访者的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验证明有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题有效和无效的方法。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思在会议开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者共同头脑风暴，思考在初始对话中可能遗漏的内容。休息后，来访者会得到赞美，并获得关于当前问题的治疗性信息。信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向的，并以目标为导向的立场。其意图是通过引导来访者朝着希望和乐观的方向，让他们走上积极变化的道路。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和提高幸福感所需做出的改变。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，特别强调了以目标为导向的提问在职业教练中的重要性。文章概述了SFT的起源、基本原则和多种技术，包括目标澄清、照亮例外、奇迹问题、实验邀请和咨询休息等。这些技术帮助来访者从问题导向转向解决方案导向，通过积极提问和未来愿景设定，促进个人成长和问题解决。文章还提到SFT已成功应用于多个领域，如抑郁症、关系困难和职业发展等，展示了其广泛适用性和有效性。结合关键词“SFBT goal questions for career coaching sessions”，文章突出了目标问题在职业教练会话中的关键作用，帮助客户明确职业目标、识别优势资源，并采取具体步骤实现职业发展。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下，你有一个魔法棒，可以帮你解决学习或生活中的难题。焦点解决疗法就像这个魔法棒，它不问你为什么有难题，而是问你怎么能解决它。比如，如果你在班上和朋友吵架了，它会问：“有没有一次你们没吵架，玩得很开心的时候？”然后帮你想想那次为什么能玩得好，这样你就能找到更多开心的办法。在职业教练中，它就像你的梦想导航仪，帮你画出未来的职业地图，比如问：“如果你明天醒来，发现找到了完美工作，你会做什么不同的事情？”这样你就能一步步走向梦想工作啦！
焦点解决心理学理论评价
这篇文章精彩地展现了焦点解决心理学如何以目标为导向，赋能个体从问题中解放出来，转向解决方案的探索。它赞美了来访者内在的资源和能力，通过“照亮例外”等技术，帮助人们发现生活中已经存在的成功时刻，从而构建积极的未来愿景。在职业教练场景中，这种理论强调目标问题的力量，如奇迹问题和缩放问题，能够引导客户清晰定义职业目标，并从小步骤开始行动。这种聚焦赞美和可能性的方式，不仅提升了客户的自信心，还促进了可持续的行为改变，体现了焦点解决心理学“问题不是问题，解决方案才是关键”的核心哲学。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
焦点解决疗法在实践上可以广泛应用于职业教练、教育辅导、家庭咨询等领域。结合目标问题，它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 帮助职场新人明确职业方向，减少迷茫感；2. 协助中层管理者提升领导力，设定团队目标；3. 支持求职者增强面试信心，制定求职策略；4. 引导创业者识别商业机会，规划发展步骤；5. 促进员工工作与生活平衡，提高幸福感；6. 改善同事间沟通，减少职场冲突；7. 帮助个人克服职业倦怠，重燃工作热情；8. 协助制定职业转型计划，实现平稳过渡；9. 提升时间管理能力，优化工作效率；10. 增强抗压能力，应对工作挑战。这些应用都聚焦于赞美客户的现有优势，设定可实现的目标，并探索未来可能性，从而带来积极变化。