英文原文
What Is a Strength-Based Approach? (Incl. Examples & Tools)
With its foundation in social work, the strength-based approach is a "work practice theory" that focuses on an individual's self-determination and strength. This type of approach builds on clients' strengths, seeing them as resourceful and resilient when they are in adverse conditions. It is also client led and centered on outcomes, getting people to affect change in themselves.
The strength-based approach is centered around the idea that the client is the actor or agent of change. The approach is highly dependent on how the individual processes their thoughts and emotions. It allows for open communication, encouraging individuals to identify value and assemble their strengths and capacities.
Rapp et al. (2008) suggested six standards for identifying a strengths-based approach. Goal orientation: It is crucial and vital for the client to set goals. Strengths assessment: The client finds and assesses their strengths and inherent resources. Resources from the environment: Connect resources in the client's environment that can be useful. Different methods are used first for different situations: In solution-focused therapy, clients will determine goals first and then strengths. The relationship is hope inducing: Hope is encouraged through finding strengths and linking to connections. Meaningful choice: Each person is an expert on their own strengths, resources, and hopes.
Positive psychotherapy may include a strength-based approach, where the practitioner focuses on the strengths and resourcefulness of their client, rather than their weaknesses, deficits, or failures. This helps the client build a mindset focused on positive capacity building and helps them understand that they are resilient, leading to more reasonable expectations of themselves and others.
Strength-based therapy is a form of talk therapy where the client is the storyteller. The story may include trauma, pain, and stressors from the past or present. The practitioner encourages the client to have the mindset of a survivor rather than a victim. Doing so can give the client a better understanding of and control over their skills and strengths. These skills and strengths enable them to survive and flourish no matter how tough life gets.
Focusing on strengths rather than problems offers the client control and a new mindset. The client's resilience and overall function in their family and community are improved. The strength-based approach offers a shared language and philosophy. Resilience is the goal, which offers the client a theoretical map to follow for prevention and evaluation.
The strengths-based approach can improve mental health, but only if it is fully embraced. The most important factor in determining whether the approach is effective is the client. Crucially, this approach can still be effective for clients with mental health issues, as it has a strong focus on recovery and positive psychology.
As its name suggests, Solution-focused therapy (SFT) focuses on solutions rather than problems. SFT and solution-focused brief therapy have been used in a variety of settings, including family service, mental health, public social services, child welfare, prison, residential treatment centers, schools, and hospitals.
A great way for children to develop their strengths is to live expressively. Children can express themselves in all sorts of ways, and this can lend itself well to understanding what someone truly enjoys and is good at. Using the strength-based approach, early childhood educators are able to fit the curriculum to the child.
I hope this piece gave you a thorough and complete overview of the strength-based approach and some insightful information. The great thing about the strength-based approach is that it is so relatable when being used, especially when the activities can help pull out these strengths.
If there's one thing you should take away from this piece, it's that your strengths have been with you from the very beginning. Sometimes it takes thinking back to when you were a kid, what you were good at, and what you enjoyed to remember your strengths.
Feel free to refer back to this piece if you're ever feeling like you aren't good enough or don't have any skills or traits that make you useful, because you absolutely do.
中文翻译
什么是优势为本的方法？（含示例与工具）
优势为本的方法源于社会工作，是一种“工作实践理论”，专注于个体的自我决定和优势。这种方法建立在来访者优势的基础上，认为他们在逆境中具有资源性和韧性。它以来访者为主导，以结果为中心，帮助人们实现自我改变。
优势为本的方法核心思想是来访者是改变的行动者或代理人。这种方法高度依赖个体如何处理他们的想法和情绪。它允许开放沟通，鼓励个体识别价值并整合他们的优势和能力。
Rapp等人（2008）提出了识别优势为本方法的六个标准。目标导向：来访者设定目标至关重要。优势评估：来访者发现并评估他们的优势和内在资源。环境资源：连接来访者环境中可用的资源。不同情境采用不同方法：在焦点解决治疗中，来访者先确定目标再确定优势。关系带来希望：通过发现优势和建立连接来鼓励希望。有意义的选择：每个人都是自己优势、资源和希望的专家。
积极心理治疗可能包含优势为本的方法，从业者关注来访者的优势和资源性，而不是他们的弱点、缺陷或失败。这帮助来访者建立专注于积极能力建设的心态，帮助他们理解自己是具有韧性的，从而对自己和他人有更合理的期望。
优势为本治疗是一种谈话治疗形式，来访者是故事的讲述者。故事可能包含过去或现在的创伤、痛苦和压力源。从业者鼓励来访者拥有幸存者而非受害者的心态。这样做可以让来访者更好地理解和控制他们的技能和优势。这些技能和优势使他们能够在无论生活多么艰难时都能生存和茁壮成长。
关注优势而非问题为来访者提供了控制感和新的心态。来访者在家庭和社区中的韧性和整体功能得到改善。优势为本的方法提供了一种共同的语言和哲学。韧性是目标，为来访者提供了预防和评估的理论路线图。
优势为本的方法可以改善心理健康，但前提是它被完全接纳。决定该方法是否有效的最重要因素是来访者。关键的是，这种方法对心理健康问题的来访者仍然有效，因为它强烈关注康复和积极心理学。
顾名思义，焦点解决治疗（SFT）专注于解决方案而非问题。SFT和焦点解决短期治疗已应用于各种环境，包括家庭服务、心理健康、公共社会服务、儿童福利、监狱、住院治疗中心、学校和医院。
儿童发展优势的一个好方法是富有表现力地生活。儿童可以通过各种方式表达自己，这有助于理解他们真正喜欢和擅长什么。使用优势为本的方法，幼儿教育者能够根据儿童调整课程。
我希望这篇文章为您提供了优势为本方法的全面概述和一些有见地的信息。优势为本方法的伟大之处在于它在使用时非常贴近实际，尤其是当活动能够帮助挖掘这些优势时。
如果您从这篇文章中只记住一件事，那就是您的优势从一开始就与您同在。有时需要回想童年时期，您擅长什么，喜欢什么，才能记起您的优势。
如果您曾感到自己不够好或没有任何使您有用的技能或特质，请随时参考这篇文章，因为您绝对拥有这些优势。
文章概要
本文深入探讨了优势为本方法在焦点解决实践中的应用。文章首先定义了优势为本方法，强调其关注个体自我决定、优势和韧性，以来访者为中心促进改变。核心原则包括目标导向、优势评估、环境资源利用等六个标准。在心理咨询中，该方法通过关注优势而非弱点，帮助来访者建立积极心态和韧性，特别适用于焦点解决治疗，专注于解决方案和未来可能性。文章还展示了该方法在儿童教育、心理健康改善等领域的应用，强调优势识别对个人成长和社区福祉的积极影响。最后，文章鼓励读者认识到自身内在优势，并将其应用于日常生活，实现持续成长和幸福感提升。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
这篇文章就像在告诉我们一个超级棒的方法——找优点大法！它说，每个人都有自己的超能力，比如耐心、乐观或者坚持。这个方法就是帮我们发现这些超能力，而不是老盯着自己哪里不好。就像玩游戏时，我们升级自己的最强技能，而不是一直修修补补弱的地方。在心理咨询中，老师会带着我们一起讲故事，把困难变成冒险经历，让我们觉得自己是勇敢的幸存者，不是可怜的受害者。这样我们就会越来越有信心，不管遇到什么挑战都能应对得很好。
焦点解决心理学理论评价
这篇文章精彩地展现了焦点解决心理学中“优势为本”理念的实践智慧。它完美体现了SFBT的核心精神——从“问题导向”转向“目标导向”，从“缺陷修补”转向“优势建设”。文中强调的六个标准，特别是“目标导向”和“希望诱导”，正是焦点解决实践中“奇迹问题”和“例外寻找”技术的理论基础延伸。当来访者被引导关注自身优势时，他们自然会产生对未来的积极期待，这正是改变发生的起点。文章描述的“来访者是改变的行动者”这一观点，与焦点解决心理学中“来访者是自身生活的专家”理念高度契合，这种赋权视角能够激发个体内在的成长动力。优势评估和环境资源连接的过程，实际上是在帮助来访者构建支持性生态系统，为持续改变创造有利条件。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
优势为本方法可以在多个领域创造积极改变：学校教育中帮助每个孩子发现独特天赋，职场发展中提升员工效能感，家庭关系中增强亲子沟通质量，社区服务中促进居民参与度，心理咨询中加速康复进程，老年护理中维护尊严自主，残疾支持中挖掘潜在能力，团队建设中优化协作效率，个人成长中提升自我认知，社会工作中赋能弱势群体。
这种方法能够帮助人们解决十个常见困扰：自我怀疑时重新认识内在价值，面对挑战时增强应对信心，关系紧张时改善沟通方式，职业迷茫时明确发展方向，学习困难时发现适合方法，情绪低落时建立积极视角，压力过大时调动内在资源，目标模糊时设定可行计划，缺乏动力时连接个人热情，生活单调时创造丰富体验。每个问题的解决都始于对自身优势的发现和运用，这种正向循环将开启更多成长可能性。