英文原文
Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) doesn't dwell on the details of why or how things came to be. It addresses the here-and-now, concentrating on present-day solutions. SFBT offers a hopeful framework to help you notice what's working, build on your strengths and move toward a more empowered version of yourself. The therapeutic approach begins with identifying and clarifying goals, and then working in collaboration with the patient to find solutions that can improve their quality of life. The method is rooted in the beliefs that people develop default patterns based on experiences, and these patterns dictate how they cope. The solution-focused model holds that focusing only on problems is not an effective way of solving them. Instead, SFBT targets patients' default solution patterns, evaluates them for efficacy, and modifies or replaces them with problem-solving approaches that work. The forward-focused approach encourages change rather than pulling apart and analyzing the problem itself. The goals of this method are to minimize time in therapy and lessen an individual's time spent suffering. The impetus is to help individuals focus on what they can do rather than limitations. Typically, the therapist begins by finding out what the patient wants to get out of the session, and how life would change if their problems were resolved. This helps the therapist and patient work together to create reasonable, actionable goals to bring about the desired changes. The "miracle question" is an important strategy in this type of therapy. Intended to open the lines of creative thinking, the psychotherapist might ask: "If a miracle occurred while you were sleeping, what changes would you notice in your life when you woke up?" Another question, the "coping question," is intended to help individuals recognize their resiliency. "Exception questions" are also useful, asking about the patient's experiences with and without the problem(s) present. This question helps individuals see when the problem failed to have power over their thoughts or moods. Before the end of each therapy session, patients are asked to evaluate their progress toward goals and plans, likely by rating them on a scale of zero to 10. This helps people identify small, reasonable steps they can take to diminish or eliminate their problems and recognize the progress they are making. SFBT offers more than a toolkit—it provides a perspective shift. By helping clients recognize their strengths, set focused goals and act on what's possible today, solution-focused therapy becomes a catalyst for transformation.
中文翻译
焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）不纠结于事情为何或如何发生的细节。它关注当下，专注于当前的解决方案。SFBT提供了一个充满希望的框架，帮助你注意到什么在起作用，发挥你的优势，并朝着更强大的自我迈进。治疗方法始于识别和澄清目标，然后与患者合作寻找能够提高生活质量的解决方案。该方法基于这样的信念：人们根据经验形成默认模式，这些模式决定了他们如何应对。焦点解决模型认为，只关注问题并不是解决问题的有效方法。相反，SFBT针对患者的默认解决方案模式，评估其有效性，并用有效的解决问题方法修改或替换它们。这种前瞻性方法鼓励改变，而不是剖析和分析问题本身。该方法的目标是减少治疗时间，减少个人受苦的时间。其动力是帮助个人关注他们能做什么，而不是局限。通常，治疗师首先了解患者希望从治疗中获得什么，以及如果问题得到解决，生活将如何改变。这有助于治疗师和患者共同制定合理、可行的目标，以实现期望的改变。"奇迹问题"是这种疗法的重要策略。旨在开启创造性思维，心理治疗师可能会问："如果你睡觉时发生了奇迹，醒来时你会注意到生活中有哪些变化？"另一个问题，"应对问题"，旨在帮助个人认识到他们的韧性。"例外问题"也很有用，询问患者在有和没有问题的情况下的经历。这个问题帮助个人看到问题何时未能控制他们的思想或情绪。在每次治疗结束前，患者被要求评估他们在目标和计划方面的进展，可能是通过从0到10的评分。这有助于人们确定可以采取的小而合理的步骤来减少或消除问题，并认识到他们正在取得的进展。SFBT提供的不仅仅是一个工具包——它提供了一种视角转变。通过帮助客户认识到他们的优势，设定专注的目标，并采取今天可能的行动，焦点解决治疗成为变革的催化剂。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）在心理健康康复中的应用，特别强调目标识别的重要性。SFBT是一种前瞻性疗法，不纠结于过去问题的原因，而是专注于当前解决方案和目标设定。治疗方法包括识别和澄清目标，使用奇迹问题、应对问题和例外问题等策略，帮助患者发挥优势、制定可行目标。通过评分量表评估进展，SFBT旨在减少治疗时间，帮助个人关注能力而非局限，成为心理健康康复的有效催化剂。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：SFBT就像是一个超级好玩的游戏，它不让你一直想以前为什么没考好，而是让你想想现在怎么能把游戏玩得更好。治疗师会问你："如果明天早上醒来，魔法让一切都变好了，你会看到什么不一样？"然后帮你找到自己的超能力，比如你很会交朋友或者很勇敢，用这些超能力来打败困难。每次治疗结束，你给自己打个分，看看进步了多少，这样你就能越来越厉害！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：SFBT展现了焦点解决心理学的核心魅力，它卓越地将理论转化为实践，通过目标识别机制激活个体的内在资源。这种方法赞美了人类与生俱来的适应性和创造力，它不将人视为问题的载体，而是解决方案的探索者。SFBT的目标导向框架巧妙地避开了病理化陷阱，将治疗焦点从缺陷修补转向潜能发掘。这种理论设计体现了对人性深刻的理解和尊重，它相信每个人都拥有改变的能力，只需要适当的引导来点亮前进的道路。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT在心理健康康复领域展现出广阔的应用前景，特别是在成瘾治疗、焦虑管理、抑郁缓解等方面。它可以解决人们的十个问题：帮助个人识别和设定清晰的生活目标；增强应对日常压力的能力；改善人际关系中的沟通模式；提升工作场所的适应性和效率；协助青少年应对学业挑战；支持家庭建立更健康的互动方式；促进创伤后的心理重建；增强慢性疾病患者的心理韧性；改善睡眠质量相关的心理因素；提升整体生活满意度和幸福感。这种方法通过目标识别，为每个领域带来了具体的、可操作的改变路径。