SFBT八种技术助力恐惧症治疗实现目标导向干预

📂 应用📅 2026/1/5 14:12:25👁️ 2 次阅读

英文原文

8 Techniques Used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy | SonderMind

When you think of therapy, you might picture multiple sessions where you discuss your past with a therapist. But that approach isn’t always used. In fact, a very different approach may be helpful for several mental health issues, like depression or anxiety.

This approach — known as solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) — isn’t a long-term process. It’s designed to be short-term and focuses on the present and future rather than the past.

Psychologists Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg developed SFBT in the late 1970s. It’s a type of therapy that’s done during a short time period and emphasizes finding solutions rather than unpacking the past. This therapeutic approach encourages focus on the present and motivates people to work on making changes to improve their lives and mental well-being.

SFBT includes multiple sessions where various techniques are used to help clients find solutions to address specific issues. For example, you might participate in SFBT techniques as part of grief therapy after losing a loved one, or your therapist might use these techniques to help you manage anxiety.

8 techniques used in solution-focused brief therapy

1. Goal development
Having clear and achievable goals to work on gives you something to focus on. How do you determine what these are? You and your therapist collaborate to come up with goals for therapy.

2. The Miracle Question
What would your life be like if, by some miracle, your problems went away overnight? This is what the Miracle Question entails. This question helps you visualize how your life could change for the better after overcoming or solving your problems.

3. Exception-finding questions
Have there been times when your problem wasn’t as severe? Or times when it could have happened, but didn’t? How did you handle these situations? These exception questions help you look for exceptions to your problem.

4. Scaling questions
Scaling questions help you and your therapist keep track of the progress you make during your sessions. These questions involve giving ratings from 0 to 10 on your progress.

5. Coping questions
How have you been able to handle day-to-day life, despite your problem? This is an example of a coping question that may be used in SFBT. These questions cause you to think about how you’ve successfully coped with difficulties.

6. Presupposing change questions
Noticing positive changes can be tough when you’re struggling. Presupposing change questions encourage you to think about these kinds of changes — whether they’re big or small changes.

7. Compliments
Compliments are a core part of solution-focused therapy. These can be direct or indirect. For example, your therapist might acknowledge the steps you’re taking to make changes and how difficult this can be.

8. Reframing
You can look at the same situation or experience in different ways. That’s the basis behind reframing in SFBT. This technique involves helping you see a situation from another perspective that’s more helpful.

SFBT can be used to treat a wide range of issues and conditions. It may not be suitable for more severe or complex disorders. However, it has been successfully used for certain mild to moderate disorders and other kinds of issues.

Anxiety disorders
As with depression, SFBT has been an effective form of therapy for mild to moderate cases of anxiety. It has been successfully used to help adults who have generalized anxiety and social anxiety. SFBT has also been shown to be effective in helping adolescents with anxiety.

中文翻译

焦点解决短期治疗中使用的8种技术 | SonderMind

当你想到治疗时,你可能会想象与治疗师进行多次会谈,讨论你的过去。但这种方法并不总是被使用。事实上,一种非常不同的方法可能对多种心理健康问题有帮助,比如抑郁或焦虑。

这种方法——被称为焦点解决短期治疗(SFBT)——不是一个长期的过程。它被设计为短期治疗,专注于现在和未来,而不是过去。

心理学家Steve de Shazer和Insoo Kim Berg在20世纪70年代末开发了SFBT。这是一种在短时间内进行的治疗类型,强调寻找解决方案,而不是剖析过去。这种治疗方法鼓励关注当下,激励人们努力做出改变,以改善他们的生活和心理健康。

SFBT包括多次会谈,使用各种技术帮助来访者找到解决特定问题的方法。例如,你可能会在失去亲人后的悲伤治疗中参与SFBT技术,或者你的治疗师可能会使用这些技术来帮助你管理焦虑。

焦点解决短期治疗中使用的8种技术

1. 目标制定
拥有清晰且可实现的目标可以让你有所专注。你如何确定这些目标是什么?你和你的治疗师合作制定治疗目标。

2. 奇迹问题
如果奇迹发生,你的问题一夜之间消失了,你的生活会是什么样子?这就是奇迹问题所包含的内容。这个问题帮助你想象在克服或解决问题后,你的生活会如何变得更好。

3. 例外发现提问
有没有过你的问题不那么严重的时候?或者有可能发生但没有发生的时候?你是如何处理这些情况的?这些例外问题帮助你寻找问题的例外情况。

4. 量表提问
量表提问帮助你和你的治疗师跟踪你在会谈中取得的进展。这些问题涉及从0到10对你的进展进行评分。

5. 应对提问
尽管有问题,你是如何能够处理日常生活的?这是SFBT中可能使用的应对提问的一个例子。这些问题促使你思考你是如何成功应对困难的。

6. 预设改变提问
当你挣扎时,注意到积极的变化可能很困难。预设改变提问鼓励你思考这些变化——无论它们是大的还是小的变化。

7. 赞美
赞美是焦点解决治疗的核心部分。这些可以是直接的或间接的。例如,你的治疗师可能会承认你正在采取的步骤以及这有多困难。

8. 重构
你可以以不同的方式看待相同的情况或经历。这就是SFBT中重构的基础。这种技术涉及帮助你从另一个更有帮助的角度看待情况。

SFBT可用于治疗广泛的问题和状况。它可能不适合更严重或复杂的障碍。然而,它已成功用于某些轻度至中度障碍和其他类型的问题。

焦虑障碍
与抑郁一样,SFBT已成为治疗轻度至中度焦虑的有效形式。它已成功用于帮助患有广泛性焦虑和社交焦虑的成年人。SFBT也被证明在帮助青少年焦虑方面有效。

文章概要

本文介绍了焦点解决短期治疗(SFBT)的八种核心技术,包括目标制定、奇迹问题、例外发现提问、量表提问、应对提问、预设改变提问、赞美和重构。文章强调SFBT是一种短期、目标导向的治疗方法,专注于现在和未来而非过去,特别适用于焦虑障碍等心理健康问题的治疗。结合关键词“SFBT goal-oriented interventions for phobia treatment”,文章展示了这些技术如何通过建立明确目标、发现个人优势和资源,为恐惧症治疗提供有效的目标导向干预策略。

高德明老师的评价

用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容

想象一下,如果你害怕蜘蛛,有一种治疗方法不是一直问你为什么害怕,而是问你“如果明天早上醒来,你突然不怕蜘蛛了,你会做什么?”这就是焦点解决治疗!它有8个超酷的方法,比如一起制定小目标、用1到10打分看进步、寻找那些你其实没那么害怕的时刻。就像玩游戏一样,你发现自己原来比想象中更勇敢!

焦点解决心理学理论评价

这篇文章精彩地展现了焦点解决短期治疗的核心精髓——从“问题导向”转向“解决导向”的范式转变。八种技术共同构建了一个完整的干预体系,目标制定确立了方向性,奇迹问题激发了愿景想象力,例外发现挖掘了潜在资源,量表提问量化了进步轨迹。特别值得赞美的是,这些技术完美体现了SFBT的基本信念:每个人都拥有解决问题的内在力量和资源。治疗不是“修复”缺陷,而是“发现”和“放大”已有的能力。这种积极赋能的视角,为恐惧症治疗开辟了充满希望的可能性空间。

在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题

1. 特定恐惧症治疗——通过目标制定和量表提问,帮助恐惧症患者逐步面对恐惧情境
2. 社交焦虑干预——使用奇迹问题引导患者想象在社交场合中的自信表现
3. 创伤后应激障碍恢复——通过例外发现寻找安全时刻,重建安全感
4. 广泛性焦虑管理——运用应对提问识别已有的应对策略并加以强化
5. 儿童行为问题改善——用赞美和重构技术帮助孩子看到自己的积极行为
6. 职场压力调适——通过预设改变提问发现工作中的小进步和积极变化
7. 人际关系冲突解决——使用重构技术帮助双方从不同角度理解冲突
8. 学业压力缓解——用量表提问让学生可视化自己的学习进步
9. 生活过渡适应——如搬家、换工作等,通过目标制定规划新生活
10. 自我成长促进——帮助个人发现内在资源,实现个人发展目标