英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. With any presenting client concern, the main technique in SFT is illuminating the exception. The therapist will guide the client to an area of their life where there is an exception to the problem. The exception is where things worked well, despite the problem. Within the exception, an approach for a solution may be forged. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. It is asked in a specific way and is outlined later in this article. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔和茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师一段时间后发展起来的。与积极心理学一样，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题。它也被用于各种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活中需要改善的方面有一定了解。以下领域已不同程度地成功应用了SFT：抑郁症、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯率。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题出现的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。对于任何来访者关注的问题，SFT的主要技术是照亮例外。治疗师将引导来访者关注他们生活中问题不存在的例外情况。例外是指尽管存在问题，但事情仍然进展顺利的情况。在例外中，可以找到解决方案的途径。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始朝着寻找当前问题解决方案的小步骤迈进。它以特定的方式提出，并在本文后面概述。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者在已经有效的基础上继续发展，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这可以让来访者的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验证明有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题中哪些有效、哪些无效。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思他们在会话开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者都能对初始对话中可能遗漏的内容进行头脑风暴。休息之后，来访者会得到赞美，并获得关于当前问题的治疗性信息。该信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便来访者带着对目标的积极导向离开。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向的，并以目标为导向的立场。其意图是通过引导来访者朝着希望和乐观的方向，让他们走上积极变化的道路。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和提高幸福感所需做出的改变。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，强调其以目标为导向、面向未来的特点。文章详细阐述了SFT的多种技术，包括目标澄清、照亮例外、奇迹问题、实验邀请和咨询休息等，这些技术帮助来访者从问题导向转向解决方案导向。SFT已成功应用于抑郁症、关系困难、药物滥用等多个领域，通过积极提问和关注来访者的优势资源，促进希望和乐观，引导来访者实现积极变化和提升幸福感。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下，如果你有一个烦恼，比如作业太多或者和朋友吵架了，焦点解决疗法就像是一个超级英雄教练，它不会一直问你“为什么烦恼”，而是会问你“如果明天早上醒来，烦恼突然消失了，你会注意到什么不同？”这样，你就能开始想一些小办法来让事情变好。它还会帮你找到那些已经做得很棒的时刻，比如有一次你很快完成了作业，或者和同学开心地玩耍，然后让你在这些好时刻的基础上继续加油。这种方法就像玩游戏一样，让你看到自己的超能力，一步一步走向更开心的未来！
焦点解决心理学理论评价
焦点解决疗法展现了心理学中一种充满希望和力量的视角，它赞美来访者内在的资源与潜能。通过目标澄清和奇迹问题等技术，SFT将焦点从问题本身转移到解决方案的可能性上，这体现了对人性积极面的深刻信任。照亮例外和实验邀请等方法，不仅肯定了来访者在困难中依然存在的成功经验，还为他们打开了探索未来可能性的广阔空间。这种以未来为导向、强调合作与优势的取向，让治疗过程充满创造性和正向能量，帮助来访者在自我发现中实现成长与转变。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
焦点解决疗法在多个领域都有广泛的应用前景，例如教育、职场、家庭关系和社区服务。它可以解决人们的以下十个问题：1. 帮助学生在学习中设定清晰目标，提升学习动力；2. 协助职场人士改善沟通技巧，增强团队合作；3. 支持家庭减少冲突，建立更和谐的关系；4. 引导个人管理情绪，如焦虑或愤怒；5. 促进健康生活方式的养成，如规律运动或饮食；6. 增强自信心，应对社交场合的挑战；7. 帮助克服拖延习惯，提高工作效率；8. 支持在压力下保持积极心态，提升抗逆力；9. 改善睡眠质量，通过正向想象放松身心；10. 鼓励创造性解决问题，在艺术或创新项目中找到灵感。这些应用都聚焦于赞美个人的努力，探索目标实现的可能性，并开启更美好的未来。