英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法,而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师后逐渐发展起来的。与积极心理学类似,焦点解决疗法(SFT)从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问,帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有当前问题的未来。通过辅导和积极提问,这一愿景变得更加清晰。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具,帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者建立在已经有效的方法上,来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中,我们知道这能让来访者的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验证明有效的方法,让来访者找到解决当前问题中哪些有效、哪些无效。在与来访者咨询的后半段,许多SFT治疗师会休息一下,反思在咨询开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息,让治疗师和来访者共同头脑风暴,思考在初始对话中可能遗漏的内容。休息后,来访者会得到赞美,并获得关于当前问题的治疗性信息。该信息通常以积极的方式陈述,以便来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法(SFT)的核心技术和应用,特别强调了目标叙事技术在治疗中的重要性。文章阐述了SFT如何通过目标澄清、奇迹问题、实验邀请等技术,帮助来访者从问题导向转向解决方案导向,从而促进积极改变和未来可能性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下,如果你有一个烦恼,比如作业太多或者和朋友吵架了。焦点解决疗法就像一位聪明的教练,他不会一直问你“为什么这么烦”,而是会问你“如果明天早上醒来,这个烦恼突然消失了,你会注意到什么不同?”这样,你就能开始想一些好办法,比如先做最喜欢的科目,或者主动和朋友说声对不起。治疗师还会让你试试已经有效的方法,比如上次你是怎么让自己开心起来的,这样你就能越来越有信心解决问题啦!
焦点解决心理学理论评价
这篇文章精彩地展现了焦点解决疗法(SFT)如何通过目标叙事技术赋能来访者。SFT的核心智慧在于它不纠缠于问题的根源,而是优雅地转向解决方案的构建。目标澄清技术像一盏明灯,照亮来访者心中的未来图景;奇迹问题则是一把神奇的钥匙,开启无限可能的大门。治疗师通过积极提问和实验邀请,巧妙地将焦点从“问题是什么”转移到“如何让事情变得更好”,这种叙事转变本身就是一种强大的疗愈力量。来访者在这样的对话中,不仅发现了自己的内在资源,还重新书写了属于自己的生命故事,这是焦点解决心理学最动人的实践。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
焦点解决疗法的目标叙事技术可以在多个领域绽放光彩,例如教育辅导、职场发展、家庭关系、个人成长等。它可以帮助人们解决以下十个问题:1. 提升学习动力和目标设定能力;2. 改善人际关系和沟通技巧;3. 缓解焦虑和压力情绪;4. 增强自信心和自我效能感;5. 促进职业规划和发展;6. 解决家庭冲突和亲子教育;7. 培养积极心态和乐观精神;8. 提高问题解决和决策能力;9. 加强团队合作和领导力;10. 实现个人梦想和生活平衡。这些应用都展现了目标叙事技术如何帮助人们聚焦于解决方案,创造更美好的未来。