英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. It is asked in a specific way: “Now, I want to ask you a strange question. Suppose that while you are sleeping tonight and the entire house is quiet, a miracle happens. The miracle is that the problem which brought you here is solved. However, because you are sleeping, you don’t know that the miracle has happened. So, when you wake up tomorrow morning, what will be different that will tell you that a miracle has happened and the problem which brought you here is solved?” Scaling questions allow a client to rate their experience. They also allow for a client to evaluate their motivation to change their experience. An example of a scaling question: “On a scale of 1-10, with 10 representing the best it can be and one the worst, where would you say you are today?” A follow-up question: “Why a four and not a five?” Questions like these allow the client to explore the positive, as well as their commitment to the changes that need to occur. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. During the sessions, goals are set. Specific experimental actions are explored and deployed into the client’s daily life. By keeping track of what works and where adjustments need to be made, a client is better able to track his or her progress. A method has developed from the Miracle Question entitled, The Miracle Method. The steps follow below. It was designed for combatting problematic drinking but is useful in all areas of change. State your desire for something in your life to be different. Envision a miracle happening, and your life IS different. Make sure the miracle is important to you. Keep the miracle small. Define the change with language that is positive, specific, and behavioral. State how you will start your journey, rather than how you will end it. Be clear about who, where, and when, but not the why. Solution-Focused Therapy is an approach that empowers clients to own their abilities in solving life’s problems. Rather than traditional psychotherapy that focuses on how a problem was derived, SFT allows for a goal-oriented focus to problem-solving. This approach allows for future-oriented, rather than past-oriented discussions to move a client forward toward the resolutions of their present problem. This approach is used in many different areas, including education, family therapy, and even in office settings. Creating cooperative and collaborative opportunities to problem solve allows mind-broadening capabilities. Illuminating a path of choice is a compelling way to enable people to explore how exactly they want to show up in this world.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题的未来。通过指导和积极的提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。它以特定的方式提出：“现在，我想问你一个奇怪的问题。假设今晚你睡觉时，整个房子都很安静，一个奇迹发生了。这个奇迹是把你带到这里的问题解决了。然而，因为你在睡觉，你不知道奇迹已经发生。所以，当你明天早上醒来时，会有什么不同告诉你奇迹已经发生，把你带到这里的问题已经解决了？”量表问题让来访者评估他们的体验。它们也让来访者评估改变体验的动机。一个量表问题的例子：“在1-10的尺度上，10代表最好，1代表最差，你今天会说自己处于哪个位置？”后续问题：“为什么是四而不是五？”这样的问题让来访者探索积极方面，以及他们对需要发生的变化的承诺。焦点解决疗法由于其广泛的应用，已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题。它也被用于各种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对什么能改善他们的生活有一定了解。以下领域已使用SFT并取得不同程度的成功：抑郁、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯。在治疗过程中，设定目标。探索具体的实验性行动并部署到来访者的日常生活中。通过跟踪什么有效以及哪里需要调整，来访者能更好地跟踪自己的进展。从“奇迹问题”发展出一种方法，称为“奇迹方法”。步骤如下。它最初设计用于对抗问题性饮酒，但在所有变化领域都有用。陈述你生活中希望有所不同的事情。设想一个奇迹发生，你的生活确实不同。确保这个奇迹对你很重要。保持奇迹小。用积极、具体和行为的语言定义变化。陈述你将如何开始旅程，而不是如何结束它。明确谁、在哪里、何时，但不要问为什么。焦点解决疗法是一种赋予来访者拥有解决生活问题能力的方法。与关注问题如何产生的传统心理治疗不同，SFT允许以目标为导向专注于问题解决。这种方法允许面向未来的讨论，而不是面向过去的讨论，推动来访者朝着解决当前问题的方向前进。这种方法用于许多不同领域，包括教育、家庭治疗，甚至在办公室环境中。创造合作和协作的机会来解决问题，可以拓宽思维。照亮选择之路是一种引人注目的方式，使人们能够探索他们究竟想如何在这个世界上展现自己。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）中的目标可视化练习，特别是“奇迹问题”和量表问题等技术。SFT强调来访者的解决问题能力，通过目标导向的提问帮助来访者设想未来、澄清目标并采取小步骤实现变化。文章概述了SFT的应用领域，如抑郁、关系困难等，并描述了“奇迹方法”的步骤，强调积极、具体的行为改变。SFT赋能来访者，以未来为导向解决问题，广泛应用于教育、家庭治疗等多个领域。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，如果你有一个魔法，能让你的烦恼突然消失，你会注意到什么不同？焦点解决疗法就像这个魔法问题，它不一直盯着问题看，而是帮你想想未来没有烦恼的时候会是什么样子。比如，老师问你：“从1到10，你今天感觉怎么样？”如果你说“4”，老师会问：“为什么是4不是5呢？”这样你就能发现自己的进步和可以做得更好的地方。这种方法在很多地方都有用，比如帮助不开心的人、改善朋友关系，甚至在学校里。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：焦点解决疗法展现了心理学中一种以资源为基础、目标驱动的卓越范式。它巧妙地将来访者置于专家位置，通过“奇迹问题”等工具激发内在愿景，促进认知重构从问题导向转向解决方案导向。量表问题不仅量化进展，更强化了自我效能感，体现了“小改变带来大不同”的核心哲学。这种疗法赞美了人类固有的适应性和创造力，将治疗过程转化为共同探索未来可能性的合作之旅。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：焦点解决疗法可应用于心理咨询、学校教育、企业管理、家庭关系、社区服务等领域。它可以解决人们的以下十个问题：1. 帮助人们设定清晰的生活目标，增强方向感；2. 提升应对压力和挫折的韧性，培养积极心态；3. 改善人际沟通技巧，促进和谐关系；4. 增强自我认知，发现内在优势资源；5. 协助克服拖延习惯，提高行动力；6. 缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪，找回生活掌控感；7. 支持成瘾行为改变，建立健康生活方式；8. 促进团队协作，解决工作冲突；9. 帮助青少年应对成长挑战，建立自信；10. 协助家庭解决育儿分歧，营造支持性环境。