英文原文
7 Solution-Focused Therapy Techniques and Worksheets (+PDF)
Key Insights
* Solution-focused therapy emphasizes identifying strengths & resources to create tangible solutions rather than focusing solely on problems., * Techniques like the Miracle Question & scaling questions help clients envision positive outcomes & measure progress., * Worksheets & structured questions guide clients to set goals, track improvements & build confidence in their problem-solving abilities.,
Traditional therapy has historically been problem-focused. It has analyzed a person’s problems from where they started and how those problems have an effect on that person’s life. Out of years of observation of family therapy sessions, the theory and applications of solution-focused therapy developed. Let’s explore the therapy, along with techniques and applications of the approach.
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction.
Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems (Santa Rita Jr., 1998). It is asked in a specific way and is outlined later in this article.
Here is a clear example of how to administer the miracle question. It should be delivered deliberately. When done so, it allows the client to imagine the miracle occurring. “Now, I want to ask you a strange question. Suppose that while you are sleeping tonight and the entire house is quiet, a miracle happens. The miracle is that the problem which brought you here is solved. However, because you are sleeping, you don’t know that the miracle has happened. So, when you wake up tomorrow morning, what will be different that will tell you that a miracle has happened and the problem which brought you here is solved?” (de Shazer, 1988)
A method has developed from the Miracle Question entitled, The Miracle Method. The steps follow below (Miller & Berg, 1996). It was designed for combatting problematic drinking but is useful in all areas of change. * State your desire for something in your life to be different., * Envision a miracle happening, and your life IS different., * Make sure the miracle is important to you., * Keep the miracle small., * Define the change with language that is positive, specific, and behavioral., * State how you will start your journey, rather than how you will end it., * Be clear about who, where, and when, but not the why.,
Solution-Focused Therapy is an approach that empowers clients to own their abilities in solving life’s problems. Rather than traditional psychotherapy that focuses on how a problem was derived, SFT allows for a goal-oriented focus to problem-solving. This approach allows for future-oriented, rather than past-oriented discussions to move a client forward toward the resolutions of their present problem. This approach is used in many different areas, including education, family therapy, and even in office settings. Creating cooperative and collaborative opportunities to problem solve allows mind-broadening capabilities. Illuminating a path of choice is a compelling way to enable people to explore how exactly they want to show up in this world.
中文翻译
7种焦点解决疗法技术与工作表（+PDF）
关键见解
* 焦点解决疗法强调识别优势和资源以创造切实的解决方案，而不是仅仅关注问题。* 奇迹问题和量表问题等技术帮助来访者设想积极结果并衡量进展。* 工作表和有结构的问题指导来访者设定目标、跟踪改进并建立解决问题的信心。
传统疗法历来以问题为中心。它分析一个人的问题从何开始以及这些问题如何影响该人的生活。经过多年对家庭治疗会议的观察，焦点解决疗法的理论和应用得以发展。让我们探索这种疗法，以及该方法的技巧和应用。
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是问题为何或如何产生。它是在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构对治疗师进行观察后，由Steve de Shazer和Insoo Kim Berg及其同事经过一段时间发展起来的。与积极心理学一样，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，以帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。
目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们呈现的问题的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。奇迹问题是SFT中经常使用的另一项技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者进入解决方案导向。这个问题允许来访者开始采取小步骤寻找呈现问题的解决方案（Santa Rita Jr., 1998）。它以特定方式提出，并在本文后面概述。
这里有一个如何实施奇迹问题的清晰示例。它应该被慎重地提出。当这样做时，它允许来访者想象奇迹发生。“现在，我想问你一个奇怪的问题。假设今晚当你睡觉时，整个房子都很安静，一个奇迹发生了。这个奇迹是把你带到这里的问题解决了。然而，因为你在睡觉，你不知道奇迹已经发生。所以，当你明天早上醒来时，会有什么不同告诉你奇迹已经发生，把你带到这里的问题已经解决了？”（de Shazer, 1988）
从奇迹问题发展出一种方法，称为奇迹方法。步骤如下（Miller & Berg, 1996）。它最初设计用于对抗问题性饮酒，但在所有变化领域都有用。* 陈述你希望生活中某些事情不同的愿望。* 设想一个奇迹发生，你的生活确实不同了。* 确保这个奇迹对你很重要。* 保持奇迹小一些。* 用积极、具体和行为的语言定义变化。* 陈述你将如何开始你的旅程，而不是如何结束它。* 明确谁、在哪里和何时，而不是为什么。
焦点解决疗法是一种使来访者能够拥有解决生活问题能力的方法。与关注问题如何产生的传统心理治疗不同，SFT允许以目标为导向专注于问题解决。这种方法允许进行面向未来的讨论，而不是面向过去的讨论，以推动来访者朝着解决当前问题的方向前进。这种方法用于许多不同领域，包括教育、家庭治疗，甚至在办公室环境中。创造合作和协作的机会来解决问题，可以拓宽思维的能力。照亮一条选择的道路是一种引人注目的方式，使人们能够探索他们究竟想在这个世界上如何展现自己。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，特别强调了奇迹问题在目标澄清中的作用。SFT由Steve de Shazer和Insoo Kim Berg等人发展，强调识别来访者的优势和资源，以未来为导向解决问题，而不是深究问题根源。关键技巧包括目标澄清、奇迹问题、例外问题、量表问题和应对问题等。奇迹问题通过引导来访者想象问题突然解决后的场景，帮助他们明确具体变化和行动步骤，从而促进目标设定和解决方案生成。SFT广泛应用于抑郁、关系困难、成瘾等多种领域，通过积极提问和工作表工具，增强来访者的希望、乐观和问题解决能力。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，你有一个烦恼，比如作业太多很头疼。焦点解决疗法就像一位聪明的朋友，他不一直问你“为什么作业这么多”，而是问你“如果明天早上醒来，作业问题突然神奇地解决了，你会注意到什么不同？也许你会更轻松地开始一天，或者有更多时间玩。” 这样，你就能自己想到一些小办法，比如先做最喜欢的科目，或者定个番茄钟。这种方法帮你看到自己已经做得很棒的地方，比如昨天你其实高效完成了数学题，然后鼓励你用这些成功经验去解决新问题。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：从焦点解决心理学视角看，本文精彩地展现了该理论的核心精髓——从问题导向转向解决导向。奇迹问题作为关键技术，完美体现了“未来导向”和“目标建构”原则，它邀请来访者跳出问题框架，直接进入一个没有问题的未来场景，从而激活内在资源和创造力。这种提问方式不是分析问题的成因，而是聚焦于“当问题解决时，生活会有什么不同”，这有助于来访者从“问题受害者”身份转变为“解决方案创造者”。文章强调的识别例外、量表评估等技术，都强化了“小改变带来大不同”的核心理念，符合焦点解决心理学中“关注已经有效的部分”和“构建可能性”的哲学基础。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：焦点解决疗法可广泛应用于教育、家庭、职场、社区等多个领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 帮助学生在学习压力下找到高效学习方法，提升自信心；2. 协助夫妻在沟通冲突中发现和谐时刻，重建亲密关系；3. 引导职场人士在职业倦怠中识别工作成就感，重燃热情；4. 支持成瘾者在康复过程中看到戒断成功的小胜利，强化戒断动力；5. 帮助焦虑个体在恐慌发作时找到平静时刻，增强情绪调节能力；6. 协助团队在项目困境中发掘过去成功经验，促进协作创新；7. 引导家长在育儿挑战中关注孩子积极行为，改善亲子互动；8. 支持慢性疼痛患者在日常活动中发现疼痛减轻的时刻，提升生活质量；9. 帮助社交恐惧者在社交场合中识别舒适瞬间，扩大社交圈；10. 协助个人在人生转型期明确未来愿景，制定可行步骤。这些应用都聚焦于赞美来访者的现有能力，设定具体目标，并探索未来可能性，从而促进积极改变。