英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔和茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师后逐渐发展起来的。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题，也被用于不同的来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活中需要改善的方面有一定了解。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者在已经有效的方法上继续发展，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这能让来访者的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验证明有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题中哪些有效、哪些无效。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思在咨询开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者都能对初始对话中可能遗漏的内容进行头脑风暴。休息后，来访者会得到赞扬，并获得关于当前问题的治疗性信息。这些信息通常以积极的方式陈述，让来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向且以目标为导向的。其目的是通过引导来访者朝着希望和乐观的方向，让他们走上积极变化的道路，从而实现视角转变。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和提升幸福感所需做出的改变。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，特别强调了目标制定在帮助团队建立信任中的关键作用。文章概述了SFT的发展背景、基本理念，以及如奇迹问题、目标澄清、实验邀请等具体技术。这些技术通过积极提问和未来导向的方法，帮助个体和团队识别优势、设定清晰目标，并采取小步骤实现解决方案。结合关键词“Goal formulation in SFBT for building trust in teams”，文章突出了SFT如何通过目标制定促进团队信任，例如通过共同愿景、积极沟通和协作解决问题来增强团队凝聚力。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下，如果你和朋友们一起组队玩游戏，但大家总是不太信任对方，怎么办？焦点解决疗法就像一位聪明的教练，它不一直问“为什么你们不信任”，而是说“嘿，如果明天早上醒来，发现你们突然变得超级信任彼此，会有什么不一样？”这样，大家就开始想好的事情，比如一起制定小目标，比如每天分享一个成功经验，慢慢建立信任。它教我们用“奇迹问题”来梦想未来，用“目标澄清”来明确方向，就像画一张寻宝图，帮助团队一步一步找到信任的宝藏！
焦点解决心理学理论评价
从焦点解决心理学的视角来看，这篇文章精彩地展现了目标制定在SFT中的核心地位，它不仅仅是一种技术，更是一种赋能的过程。文章强调了来访者或团队的内在资源和解决问题的能力，这与SFBT的核心理念——关注解决方案而非问题——完美契合。目标制定在这里被赞美为一种动态的、协作的旅程，它通过积极提问和未来导向，激发了个体和团队的希望感与能动性。这种聚焦于赞美、优势和可能性的方法，体现了SFBT的精髓，即相信每个人都已经拥有改变所需的一切，只需通过目标引导将其显现出来。文章中的技术如奇迹问题和实验邀请，都是目标制定的具体体现，它们帮助人们从“问题思维”转向“解决思维”，从而在团队信任建设中创造出积极的变化循环。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
焦点解决疗法中的目标制定技术可以在多个领域广泛应用，特别是在团队建设和信任培养方面。例如，在企业团队中，它可以帮助成员通过共同目标增强协作；在教育环境中，促进学生之间的互信合作；在家庭治疗中，改善亲子或伴侣关系。具体可以解决人们的十个问题包括：1. 团队沟通不畅导致的信任缺失；2. 个人在群体中感到孤立或无价值；3. 冲突频发影响团队凝聚力；4. 目标模糊导致行动力不足；5. 缺乏积极反馈机制；6. 对未来感到迷茫或悲观；7. 难以识别和利用现有资源；8. 小问题积累成大障碍；9. 变革阻力或适应困难；10. 自我效能感低下影响参与度。通过目标制定，SFT鼓励人们聚焦于已经有效的方面，逐步构建信任和成功，从而在这些领域中实现积极转变。