英文原文
Solution-Focused Art Therapy - Creativity in Therapy
Inspiring therapists and counselors to be more creative
November 15, 2023 by Carolyn Mehlomakulu
Solution-Focused Art Therapy
In the last post, I touched on solution-focused and strengths-based approaches when I shared a review of the book Solution Art: A Textbook of Art- and Resource-Oriented Work. I wanted to follow-up this week with some more art directive information when taking a solution-focused approach with your clients.
At its core, the solution-focused approach believes that clients already have the strengths, resources, and knowledge that they need to be able to solve their “problem” and move forward. However, they often feel stuck and hopeless, so the solution-focused therapist helps them to feel more empowered, uncover their strengths and resources, identify past successes, and believe that achieving their goals is possible. Instead of acting as the “expert” who will tell the client what to do, the therapist will act in a more collaborative role. Although learning about solution-focused therapy often leads to a focus on specific techniques like “the miracle question” and scaling, it’s also important to remember that a strong therapeutic relationship is also an important part of what makes solution-focused approaches successful. When the therapist is reflecting back to the client that they believe in their strength and their ability to move forward, that helps the client to begin believing in it for themselves.
Note – Although the common thread in these two posts is the focus on being solution-focused and strengths-based, these directives are very different from the expressive arts approach of Intermodal Decentering that is shared in the Solution Art book. In the book, Knill and Eberhart primarily share examples of giving directives that are intended to serve as an experiment in doing something different and stepping away from the problem. The value and insight come from the creative experience and then the projection on and exploration of the created work. Their prompts are intended to help clients get unstuck, work within limited conditions, access inner resources to be successful, and see things from a different perspective. Examples in the book include directives like (1) Choose only 2 colors of oil pastel. Draw a single line with each color, as long as you want, but only one line or (2) Arrange the provided objects into an installation artwork.
The solution-focused art therapy directives shared below provide some alternative ideas for how you can bring solution-focused and strength-based approaches into your work with your clients.
1. Past Success – Helping clients to identify and explore past successes is one way to help them recognize their own capacity to overcome challenges, as well as begin to uncover their own personal strengths, coping skills, and tools. Keep in mind that this prompt can and should be adjusted so that it best speaks to what your client is struggling with and what you hope for them to get out of the experience. You may also consider whether your client will get the most out of the prompt by doing the art first with their own self-reflection or if it is better to take some time to talk together and identify that success through discussion before giving the directive. Art directive – Show a time that you felt successful (happy, capable, proud, brave, etc.) or were able to get through a difficult situation.
2. Miracle Question – This is probably the first thing that most counselors and therapists think of when they think of solution-focused therapy. The miracle question translates well into an art directive – “Suppose tonight you go to bed and go to sleep as usual. And during the night, a miracle happens. And the problem vanishes. And the issues that concern you are resolved, but you’re still asleep. Therefore, you don’t know that the miracle has happened. When you wake up tomorrow, what will be the first things that will tell you that the miracle has happened? How will you know that the transformation has occurred?” You can direct the client to respond to the question first through art instead of verbal conversation.
3. Storyboard – Another aspect of solution-focused therapy is helping the client to identify the small, incremental steps that will move them closer to their goal. Creating a visual storyboard is one way to practice this. Start with an image that shows where/how things are now (problem state), then create an image of achieving the goal at the end. In between, fill in images that represent the small steps toward reaching the goal, break it down into several stages that feel manageable for the client.
4. Strengths Collage – Invite the client to create a collage with images that show their strengths, resources, and positive qualities. Keep in mind that this may be a very difficult prompt for some clients, especially if they are depressed or struggle with self-worth. One way to address that is to ask the client to look through the collage images without searching for anything specific, then set as any image that resonates as a positive part of themselves when they see it. You can also print out a list of strengths and have the client go through and circle words that relate to them, provide feedback about the strengths that you see in the client, and invite them to ask trusted friends or family members to help them recognize their strengths.
5. Future Self Portrait – This is a great example of the power of art to make something intangible or hard to believe feel more concrete and real. Although related to the miracle question or other goal-setting directives, this directive really encourages the client to focus on themselves, not the world or people around them. Art directive – Imagine a future time where your concerns have resolved and you have reached your desired goals, depict yourself in that future state.
With all these directives, feel free to allow clients to work with whatever art medium will be best for them. They can generally be adapted for drawing, painting, collage, sculpture, or sandtray.
I’d love to hear your thoughts! Do you use any of these solution-focused directives in your work?
Carolyn Mehlomakulu, LMFT-S, ATR-BC is an art therapist in Austin, Texas who works with children, teens, and families. For more information about telehealth and online therapy, individual therapy, child and teen counseling, and art therapy services, please visit: www.therapywithcarolyn.com. Carolyn is also the author of The Balanced Mind – A Mental Health Journal, a guided journal that combines writing and art prompts to support your mental health.
This blog post contains affiliate links and I earn a small commission for your purchases. This blog is not intended to diagnose or treat any mental health conditions. All directives, interventions, and ideas should be used by qualified individuals within the appropriate bounds of their education, training, and scope of practice. Information presented in this blog does not replace professional training in child and family therapy, art therapy, or play therapy. Art therapy requires a trained art therapist.
中文翻译
焦点解决艺术疗法 - 治疗中的创造力
激发治疗师和咨询师更具创造力
2023年11月15日，作者：Carolyn Mehlomakulu
焦点解决艺术疗法
在上一篇文章中，当我分享《解决方案艺术：艺术与资源导向工作教科书》的书评时，我提到了焦点解决和优势导向的方法。本周我想跟进更多关于采用焦点解决方法与客户合作时的艺术指导信息。
焦点解决方法的核心信念是，客户已经拥有解决“问题”并向前迈进所需的力量、资源和知识。然而，他们常常感到卡住和无望，因此焦点解决治疗师帮助他们感到更有力量，发现他们的优势和资源，识别过去的成功，并相信实现目标是可能的。治疗师不是扮演告诉客户该做什么的“专家”，而是扮演更协作的角色。虽然学习焦点解决疗法通常会导致关注特定技术，如“奇迹问题”和量表，但同样重要的是要记住，强大的治疗关系也是焦点解决方法成功的重要组成部分。当治疗师向客户反馈他们相信他们的力量和前进能力时，这有助于客户开始为自己相信这一点。
注意 - 尽管这两篇文章的共同主线是关注焦点解决和优势导向，但这些指导与《解决方案艺术》书中分享的表达艺术方法“跨模式去中心化”非常不同。在书中，Knill和Eberhart主要分享了一些指导示例，旨在作为尝试不同事物并远离问题的实验。价值和洞察力来自创造性体验，然后是对创作作品的投射和探索。他们的提示旨在帮助客户摆脱困境，在有限条件下工作，获取内在资源以取得成功，并从不同角度看待事物。书中的示例包括指导，如（1）只选择2种油画棒颜色。用每种颜色画一条线，想画多长就画多长，但只画一条线，或（2）将提供的物品排列成装置艺术品。
下面分享的焦点解决艺术疗法指导提供了一些替代想法，说明如何将焦点解决和优势导向方法融入您与客户的工作中。
1. 过去的成功 - 帮助客户识别和探索过去的成功是帮助他们认识到自己克服挑战的能力，并开始发现自己的个人优势、应对技能和工具的一种方式。请记住，这个提示可以并且应该进行调整，以便最好地表达客户正在挣扎的问题以及您希望他们从体验中获得什么。您还可以考虑客户是通过先进行艺术创作并进行自我反思，还是花时间一起交谈并通过讨论识别成功，从而从提示中获得最大收益。艺术指导 - 展示一个您感到成功（快乐、有能力、自豪、勇敢等）或能够度过困难时期的时刻。
2. 奇迹问题 - 这可能是大多数咨询师和治疗师想到焦点解决疗法时首先想到的事情。奇迹问题很好地转化为艺术指导 - “假设今晚您像往常一样上床睡觉。在夜间，奇迹发生了。问题消失了。困扰您的问题解决了，但您还在睡觉。因此，您不知道奇迹已经发生。当您明天醒来时，哪些事情会首先告诉您奇迹已经发生？您如何知道转变已经发生？”您可以指导客户首先通过艺术而不是口头对话来回应这个问题。
3. 故事板 - 焦点解决疗法的另一个方面是帮助客户识别将使他们更接近目标的小的、渐进的步骤。创建视觉故事板是实践这一点的一种方式。从显示当前情况（问题状态）的图像开始，然后在最后创建实现目标的图像。在中间，填充代表实现目标的小步骤的图像，将其分解为对客户来说感觉可管理的几个阶段。
4. 优势拼贴 - 邀请客户创建一个拼贴，展示他们的优势、资源和积极品质。请记住，这对一些客户来说可能是一个非常困难的提示，特别是如果他们抑郁或与自我价值斗争。解决这个问题的一种方法是要求客户浏览拼贴图像，不寻找任何特定的东西，然后当他们看到任何引起共鸣的图像时，将其设置为自己的积极部分。您还可以打印一份优势列表，让客户浏览并圈出与他们相关的词语，提供您看到的客户优势的反馈，并邀请他们请信任的朋友或家人帮助他们识别自己的优势。
5. 未来自画像 - 这是艺术使无形或难以相信的事物感觉更具体和真实的力量的一个很好的例子。虽然与奇迹问题或其他目标设定指导相关，但这个指导真正鼓励客户关注自己，而不是世界或周围的人。艺术指导 - 想象一个未来时间，您的担忧已经解决，您已经达到期望的目标，描绘自己在那个未来状态。
对于所有这些指导，请允许客户使用最适合他们的任何艺术媒介。它们通常可以适应绘画、拼贴、雕塑或沙盘。
我很想听听您的想法！您在工作中使用任何这些焦点解决指导吗？
Carolyn Mehlomakulu，LMFT-S，ATR-BC，是德克萨斯州奥斯汀的艺术治疗师，与儿童、青少年和家庭合作。有关远程医疗和在线治疗、个人治疗、儿童和青少年咨询以及艺术治疗服务的更多信息，请访问：www.therapywithcarolyn.com。Carolyn还是《平衡心灵 - 心理健康日记》的作者，这是一本结合写作和艺术提示以支持心理健康的指导日记。
这篇博客文章包含附属链接，我通过您的购买赚取少量佣金。本博客不旨在诊断或治疗任何心理健康状况。所有指导、干预和想法应由合格的个人在其教育、培训和执业范围的适当范围内使用。本博客中呈现的信息不能替代儿童和家庭治疗、艺术治疗或游戏治疗的专业培训。艺术治疗需要经过培训的艺术治疗师。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决艺术疗法，这是一种结合焦点解决心理学和艺术治疗的方法，旨在帮助客户发现自身优势、资源和过去成功，以解决当前问题并实现目标。文章详细阐述了五种具体的艺术指导方法：过去的成功、奇迹问题、故事板、优势拼贴和未来自画像，这些方法可以帮助客户通过艺术创作来设定目标、识别步骤并增强自我效能感。文章强调治疗师应扮演协作角色，建立强大的治疗关系，并允许客户选择适合的艺术媒介。结合关键词“SFBT goal-setting for improving graphic design abilities”，本文内容展示了如何将这些焦点解决艺术疗法技术应用于提升平面设计能力，例如通过故事板规划设计项目步骤，或通过未来自画像可视化设计职业目标。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章讲的是用一种特别的艺术方法来帮助人们解决问题和实现梦想。它说每个人其实都有很多厉害的地方，只是有时候自己不知道或者忘记了。比如，你可以画画来回忆以前成功的时候，或者想象如果明天一觉醒来所有问题都解决了会是什么样子。还可以用画画来计划怎么一步步达到目标，就像做故事板一样。这些方法就像玩游戏一样，让你用颜色、图片来发现自己有多棒，并且相信未来可以变得更好。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：这篇文章完美体现了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）的核心原则，即关注解决方案而非问题，强调客户已有的优势和资源。它展示了如何通过艺术媒介将抽象的心理概念（如目标设定、自我效能感）具体化，从而增强客户的参与度和洞察力。文章中的五种艺术指导方法都紧密围绕SFBT的关键技术，如奇迹问题、例外寻找和量表化，但以创造性的方式呈现，这有助于打破传统谈话疗法的局限，促进非语言表达和深层认知处理。这种整合不仅丰富了SFBT的实践工具，还突出了艺术在激活客户内在资源和促进积极改变方面的独特价值。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：焦点解决艺术疗法可以广泛应用于心理健康、教育、职业发展和个人成长等领域。具体可以解决人们的以下十个问题：1. 提升平面设计能力时感到创意枯竭或缺乏方向；2. 在学习和工作中设定目标但难以坚持执行；3. 自我怀疑或低估自己的艺术才能；4. 面对设计项目时感到焦虑或压力过大；5. 需要增强自信心以展示设计作品；6. 在团队合作中沟通和表达设计想法困难；7. 寻求职业转型或提升设计技能时的迷茫；8. 处理与设计相关的失败或批评；9. 平衡创意工作与个人生活；10. 培养持续学习和改进设计能力的动力。这些应用展示了焦点解决艺术疗法如何帮助人们通过创造性过程实现具体目标，增强心理韧性和积极心态。