英文原文
Solution-focused counseling (SFC) is a super useful tool for school counselors to have at their disposal. That is because SFC is a time-efficient approach that is known to be effective cross-culturally, is trauma sensitive and empowering for students, and research supports its positive effect on externalizing behaviors. There is less research on the effectiveness of SFC on internalizing concerns, but it looks promising (especially as an early intervention!). SFC can be great to use if a child has been struggling, and you’ve determined that their behavior is coming from lagging skills in areas of self-awareness, self-competence, identifying solutions to a problem, making and keeping friends, etc.
Solution-focused counseling is an evidence-based, short-term counseling approach that focuses on reaching identified goals. A defining feature of this approach is how it highlights strengths and solutions and de-emphasizes problems. It is useful for a range of issues or concerns. This makes it super useful for us to have some background in because as school counselors, we certainly see it all!
Solution-focused counseling was founded on some specific beliefs: People already have inside of them everything they need to be successful. Small changes can be powerful. Big problems don’t necessarily require big solutions. There is always an exception to the problem which can be built upon because no problem is constant. Focusing on goals and solutions is more helpful than focusing on problems. Counselors can empower the people they serve by utilizing their strengths and cheerleading. If it works, do more of it. If it doesn’t, do something different.
Core Techniques of SFC include Noticing the Positives, Scaling, Goal Setting/Problem Solving, Cheerleading, and Experiments/Homework. Noticing the Positives helps kids identify their own strengths and positives in their lives that already exist. Scaling allows you to help children accurately decide on the size of their problem and how impactful it is and provides an understanding of the different intensities of feelings, problems, etc. that they can rely on in the future. Goal Setting/Problem Solving includes collaborative, intentional conversation about goals (big or small) that will make a difference for that child. Cheerleading is about highlighting their strengths, problem-solving abilities, praising things they do that are helping them move towards their goals, etc. Experiments/Homework are created together as a way to give the child control over their problem and test out how small changes can have an impact before your next session.
Solution-Focused School Counseling Case Study: You have a 3rd grader who has just started to really struggle with friendships. She is often assuming the worst about herself and her classmates. This is blocking her ability to make new friends, causing her to experience increased conflict with current friends, and is leaving her feeling very lonely at school. Through multiple sessions using SFC techniques like scaling, noticing positives, goal-setting, cheerleading, and homework, the child progresses from rating her problem as an 8 to a 3, develops strengths like handling feelings, and improves her social interactions.
Solution focused counseling is a fantastic tool to have at our disposal. It is an efficient, empowering, and engaging approach to helping kiddos overcome almost any obstacles they come to us with. While it may or may not be something you had background knowledge of, hopefully this post helped you learn (or review) a few new tips and tricks!
Each session will look different and how you use the solutions-focused counseling activities may vary, but the core beliefs will remain the same: People already have inside of them everything they need to be successful. Small changes can be powerful. Big problems don’t necessarily require big solutions. There is always an exception to the problem which can be built upon because no problem is constant. Focusing on goals and solutions is more helpful than focusing on problems. Counselors can empower the people they serve by utilizing their strengths and cheerleading. If it works, do more of it. If it doesn’t, do something different.
中文翻译
焦点解决咨询（SFC）是学校辅导员非常实用的工具。这是因为SFC是一种高效的方法，已知在跨文化环境中有效，对创伤敏感并能赋予学生力量，研究支持其对外化行为的积极影响。关于SFC对内化问题有效性的研究较少，但看起来很有希望（尤其是作为早期干预！）。如果孩子一直在挣扎，并且您确定他们的行为源于自我意识、自我能力、识别问题解决方案、交朋友和维持友谊等方面的技能滞后，SFC可以很好地使用。
焦点解决咨询是一种基于证据的短期咨询方法，专注于实现已确定的目标。这种方法的一个定义性特征是如何强调优势和解决方案，并淡化问题。它适用于一系列问题或关切。这使得我们了解一些背景非常有用，因为作为学校辅导员，我们肯定会看到所有情况！
焦点解决咨询基于一些特定的信念：人们已经拥有成功所需的一切。小的改变可以很强大。大问题不一定需要大解决方案。问题总是有例外，可以在此基础上构建，因为没有问题是恒定的。专注于目标和解决方案比专注于问题更有帮助。辅导员可以通过利用他们的优势和鼓励来赋予他们所服务的人力量。如果有效，就多做。如果无效，就做点不同的事情。
SFC的核心技术包括注意积极面、量表评估、目标设定/问题解决、鼓励和实验/家庭作业。注意积极面帮助孩子们识别他们已经存在的自身优势和生活中的积极面。量表评估允许您帮助孩子准确决定他们问题的大小和影响程度，并提供他们对未来可以依赖的感受、问题等不同强度的理解。目标设定/问题解决包括关于目标（大或小）的协作性、有意识的对话，这些目标将对该孩子产生影响。鼓励是关于强调他们的优势、解决问题的能力，赞扬他们所做的有助于朝着目标前进的事情等。实验/家庭作业是一起创建的，作为一种让孩子控制他们问题的方式，并在下次会议前测试小变化如何产生影响。
焦点解决学校咨询案例研究：您有一个三年级学生，她刚刚开始真正在友谊方面挣扎。她经常对自己和同学做出最坏的假设。这阻碍了她交新朋友的能力，导致她与当前朋友的冲突增加，并让她在学校感到非常孤独。通过使用SFC技术（如量表评估、注意积极面、目标设定、鼓励和家庭作业）的多次会议，孩子将她的问题评分从8分进步到3分，发展了如处理感受等优势，并改善了她的社交互动。
焦点解决咨询是我们拥有的一个极好工具。它是一种高效、赋能和引人入胜的方法，帮助孩子们克服他们遇到的几乎任何障碍。虽然您可能或可能没有背景知识，但希望这篇文章帮助您学习（或复习）一些新的技巧和窍门！
每次会议都会看起来不同，您如何使用焦点解决咨询活动可能会有所不同，但核心信念将保持不变：人们已经拥有成功所需的一切。小的改变可以很强大。大问题不一定需要大解决方案。问题总是有例外，可以在此基础上构建，因为没有问题是恒定的。专注于目标和解决方案比专注于问题更有帮助。辅导员可以通过利用他们的优势和鼓励来赋予他们所服务的人力量。如果有效，就多做。如果无效，就做点不同的事情。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决咨询（SFC）在学校咨询中的应用，强调其作为一种高效、赋能的方法，帮助儿童识别目标并解决问题。文章概述了SFC的核心信念，如人们已具备成功所需资源、小改变具有强大力量、问题总有例外可寻等。详细描述了SFC的五大核心技术：注意积极面、量表评估、目标设定/问题解决、鼓励和实验/家庭作业，并结合一个三年级学生友谊问题的案例研究，展示了这些技术如何在实际咨询中逐步应用，帮助孩子从问题评分8分进步到3分，发展优势并改善社交。文章最后重申SFC的实用性和核心信念的持久性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章讲的是学校里的心理老师怎么用“焦点解决咨询”来帮助小朋友。就像玩游戏一样，老师会先找小朋友的优点，比如“你擅长什么？”或者“你为自己骄傲什么？”。然后，老师会用打分的方式，让小朋友说说问题有多大，比如从1到10分。接着，一起设定小目标，比如“怎么让问题从5分变成4分？”。老师还会像啦啦队一样加油，表扬小朋友的进步。最后，给点小作业，比如试试深呼吸。通过这样，一个三年级的小女孩从觉得“没朋友”到交到更多朋友，问题从8分降到3分，变得更开心了！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：这篇文章精彩地体现了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）的核心原则，特别是“例外寻找”在儿童目标识别中的应用。它赞美了儿童内在的资源，如通过“注意积极面”技术，帮助孩子发现自身优势，这直接呼应了SFBT的信念——“人们已经拥有成功所需的一切”。文章强调小改变的累积效应，例如在案例中，孩子通过逐步实践，从量表评分8分进步到3分，展示了“小改变可以很强大”的理念。目标导向的方法，如“奇迹问题”和协作目标设定，聚焦于未来可能性，而非纠缠于问题本身，这完美契合了SFBT的解决建构视角。整体上，文章以赋能和乐观的基调，突出了咨询如何通过赞美、鼓励和实验，激发儿童的自主性和成长潜力。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：焦点解决咨询可广泛应用于学校咨询、家庭教育、社区支持和临床干预等领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 儿童社交困难，如交朋友或冲突处理；2. 学业压力和目标设定模糊；3. 低自我认知和自信心不足；4. 情绪管理挑战，如愤怒或焦虑；5. 行为问题，如课堂干扰或负面自我对话；6. 创伤后恢复和韧性培养；7. 家庭沟通障碍和亲子关系改善；8. 职场压力和个人效能提升；9. 团队合作和领导力发展；10. 生活过渡期适应，如转学或新环境。通过聚焦优势、设定小目标和鼓励进步，它能帮助个体在这些领域找到例外、识别资源并朝着更积极的未来迈进。