英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. With any presenting client concern, the main technique in SFT is illuminating the exception. The therapist will guide the client to an area of their life where there is an exception to the problem. The exception is where things worked well, despite the problem. Within the exception, an approach for a solution may be forged. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems (Santa Rita Jr., 1998). It is asked in a specific way and is outlined later in this article. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being. The main idea behind SFBT is that the techniques are positively and solution-focused to allow a brief amount of time for the client to be in therapy. Overall, improving the quality of life for each client, with them at the center and in the driver’s seat of their growth. SFBT typically has an average of 5-8 sessions. During the sessions, goals are set. Specific experimental actions are explored and deployed into the client’s daily life. By keeping track of what works and where adjustments need to be made, a client is better able to track his or her progress.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师后，经过一段时间发展起来的。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题，也被用于多种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活的改善有一定了解。以下领域已不同程度地成功应用了SFT：抑郁、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们呈现问题的未来。通过辅导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。对于任何来访者关注的问题，SFT的主要技术是照亮例外。治疗师将引导来访者关注生活中问题例外的领域。例外是指尽管存在问题，但事情进展顺利的地方。在例外中，可以找到解决方案的途径。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找呈现问题的解决方案（Santa Rita Jr., 1998）。它以特定方式提出，并在本文后面概述。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者建立在已经有效的基础上，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这可以让来访者的思维从该导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验上有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题有效和无效的方法。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思在会议开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者共同头脑风暴，思考在初始对话中可能遗漏的内容。休息后，来访者会得到赞美，并获得关于呈现问题的治疗性信息。该信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向的，并以目标为导向的立场。其意图是通过引导来访者朝着希望和乐观的方向，让他们走上积极变化的道路。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和增加幸福感所需做出的改变。SFBT背后的主要思想是，这些技术是积极和以解决方案为中心的，让来访者在治疗中花费短暂的时间。总体而言，提高每位来访者的生活质量，以他们为中心，掌握自己成长的主动权。SFBT通常平均有5-8次会话。在会话期间，设定目标。探索具体的实验行动，并将其部署到来访者的日常生活中。通过跟踪有效的方法和需要调整的地方，来访者能够更好地跟踪自己的进展。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心理念和七种关键技术，包括目标澄清、例外照亮、奇迹问题、实验邀请等，强调以目标为导向、积极提问和未来解决方案的探索。文章指出SFT已成功应用于抑郁、关系困难、药物滥用等多个领域，并简要描述了SFBT（焦点解决短期治疗）的会话结构和目标设定过程。结合关键词“SFBT goal exploration in peer support groups”，文章概要突出了SFT在同伴支持团体中促进目标探索的潜力，通过积极技术和团体互动，帮助成员识别优势、设定可行目标，并共同迈向积极改变。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章讲了一种叫焦点解决疗法的方法，它就像是一个超级英雄工具箱，帮助人们解决问题时，不老是想着“为什么我有这个问题”，而是问“我怎么才能让事情变得更好”。它教我们使用一些很酷的技巧，比如“奇迹问题”——想象一下，如果一觉醒来问题突然解决了，你会看到什么不同？还有“找例外”——想想那些问题没出现的好时刻。这些方法让我们更关注自己的优点和已经做得很棒的地方，就像在同伴支持团体里，大家一起分享目标，互相鼓励，一起进步！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：从焦点解决心理学视角看，这篇文章精彩地展示了SFT的核心原则——聚焦于解决方案而非问题本身，体现了“小改变带来大不同”的理念。它赞美了来访者的内在资源和能力，通过目标澄清和例外照亮等技术，将注意力从缺陷转向优势。这种积极导向与SFBT的哲学基础高度一致，强调未来可能性和希望构建，而非过去困扰的深挖。文章中的技术如奇迹问题和实验邀请，完美诠释了“语言创造现实”的建构主义观点，帮助个体在叙事中重塑积极身份。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在同伴支持团体中，SFT技术可广泛应用于以下领域：1. 教育环境的学生互助小组，提升学习动力和目标达成；2. 职场团队建设，改善沟通和协作效率；3. 社区心理健康项目，减少孤立感和增强社会连接；4. 康复团体，如戒瘾支持，促进持续改变；5. 家庭支持网络，加强亲子关系和家庭和谐。可以解决的十个问题包括：1. 帮助成员清晰设定个人成长目标；2. 增强团体内的积极互动和相互赞美；3. 减少焦虑和抑郁情绪通过焦点转移；4. 提升自尊和自信通过优势识别；5. 改善人际关系冲突解决能力；6. 培养应对压力的弹性策略；7. 促进健康生活习惯的建立；8. 增强决策能力和问题解决技能；9. 支持职业发展和学业进步；10. 营造充满希望和乐观的团体氛围。