英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being. The main idea behind SFBT is that the techniques are positively and solution-focused to allow a brief amount of time for the client to be in therapy. Overall, improving the quality of life for each client, with them at the center and in the driver’s seat of their growth. SFBT typically has an average of 5-8 sessions. During the sessions, goals are set. Specific experimental actions are explored and deployed into the client’s daily life. By keeping track of what works and where adjustments need to be made, a client is better able to track his or her progress.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师一段时间后发展起来的。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题，也被用于多种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活的改善方向有一定了解。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有当前问题的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者建立在已经有效的基础上，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这能让来访者的思维从该导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验证明有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题中哪些有效、哪些无效。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思在咨询开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者都能对初始对话中可能遗漏的内容进行头脑风暴。休息后，来访者会得到赞美，并收到关于当前问题的治疗信息。该信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向且以目标为导向的。其意图是通过引导来访者朝着希望和乐观的方向，让他们走上积极变化的道路，从而实现视角转变。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和提高幸福感所需做出的改变。SFBT背后的核心理念是，这些技术是积极且以解决方案为中心的，让来访者在治疗中花费较短的时间。总体而言，提高每位来访者的生活质量，让他们成为自己成长的中心和主导者。SFBT通常平均有5-8次会谈。在会谈期间，设定目标。探索具体的实验性行动，并将其部署到来访者的日常生活中。通过跟踪哪些方法有效以及哪些地方需要调整，来访者能更好地跟踪自己的进展。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，特别结合关键词“SFBT goal-focused techniques for insomnia treatment”进行总结。焦点解决疗法由德·沙泽尔和伯格等人开发，强调来访者的解决问题能力而非问题成因，采用目标导向的提问如奇迹问题、例外问题、量表问题等，帮助来访者设想积极未来并采取小步骤行动。该方法已广泛应用于各种问题，包括失眠治疗，通过设定具体目标、实验性行动和跟踪进展，在5-8次会谈中改善生活质量。文章还提到SFT与积极心理学的相似性，以及如何通过赞美、思维导图等干预措施增强希望和乐观。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：焦点解决疗法就像是一个超级英雄工具箱，帮助人们解决睡眠问题。它不一直问“你为什么睡不着”，而是问“如果你今晚睡得很好，明天早上会有什么不同？”这样，你就能想象自己睡得很香的样子，然后找出一些小方法让美梦成真。治疗师会和你一起设定目标，比如“这周我要早睡10分钟”，并鼓励你尝试新方法，看看哪些管用。每次进步一点点，你就能越来越接近好睡眠的目标。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：焦点解决疗法展现了心理学中一种充满希望和力量的范式。它巧妙地将注意力从问题本身转移到解决方案上，通过奇迹问题等技术激发来访者的内在资源。这种目标导向的方法不仅尊重来访者的自主性，还强化了他们的自我效能感。在失眠治疗中，它避免了过度分析睡眠障碍的根源，而是聚焦于构建积极的睡眠习惯和心态，这体现了SFBT的核心哲学——小改变能带来大不同。来访者在治疗中被视为自己生活的专家，这种赋权视角极大地促进了治疗联盟和积极成果。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：焦点解决疗法在失眠治疗领域有广泛应用潜力，可帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 入睡困难，通过设定渐进的就寝目标；2. 夜间频繁醒来，利用例外问题找到安睡时刻；3. 睡眠质量差，通过量表问题评估改善；4. 日间疲劳，鼓励小步骤增加活力活动；5. 睡眠焦虑，用奇迹问题减轻担忧；6. 不规律作息，实验邀请调整时间表；7. 依赖药物，探索自然入睡方法；8. 压力影响睡眠，聚焦放松技巧；9. 环境干扰，创造性解决方案；10. 长期失眠信念，重建积极睡眠叙事。此外，它还可应用于教育、职场、家庭关系等领域，促进整体福祉。