英文原文
When worry or stuckness takes up too much room, therapy that focuses on the past can feel heavy. Solution Focused Brief Therapy (often shortened to SFBT or SFT) shifts the conversation: what small, realistic next step would make a difference? It’s concise, goal-oriented, and built around clients’ strengths—helpful when clarity and forward motion are the priority.
SFBT is a short-term, future-focused therapy that centers on goals, resources, and what’s already working—rather than a long search for causes. Typical SFBT work is brief: many studies report an average of about 4–6 sessions, though the range in research is wider (1–24 sessions). The aim is useful, measurable change in a short time.
This therapy helps clients and therapists create a clear vision of a preferred future. From there, they find small, actionable steps forward, building on the client’s existing strengths and successes instead of focusing on their problems.
Key elements include goal-setting (well-formed goals): clear, observable, and client-chosen outcomes; miracle question: invites the client to imagine a day after a problem is solved, which clarifies what matters and helps set targets; exception questions: explore times when the problem did not occur (or was less severe), revealing usable strategies already in the client’s life; scaling questions: track progress by asking the client to rate where they are on a 0–10 scale and to identify next small steps to move the number; language and stance: the therapist adopts a “not-knowing” curiosity and uses clients’ own words—this preserves client agency and keeps interventions culturally respectful.
Benefits include efficiency: short courses of therapy can produce meaningful change, which can be useful for people looking for focused, practical help quickly; hope-centered and empowering: by focusing on solutions and existing strengths, clients often leave sessions feeling more capable and motivated; versatility: SFBT is applied successfully in individual, family, couples, school, healthcare, and organizational settings; evidence base: An umbrella review concluded there is high confidence that SFBT improves outcomes such as depression, overall mental health, and progress toward personal goals in adults.
Example (social anxiety): A client reports dread about a work social. Therapist asks, “If you woke up tomorrow and the problem was gone, what would you notice first?” (miracle question). The client says, “I’d be able to stay 10 minutes longer and say hello to two colleagues.” Therapist asks, “On a 0–10 scale, where are you now?” Client: “3.” Therapist: “What did you do once that made it a 3 and not a 1?” That exception points to a small, repeatable behavior (brief greetings) to practice before the next session. Scaling lets the client track progress and build confidence.
SFBT is not denial of difficulty; it’s a strategic redirection of attention toward what works and what’s next. For many people, that shift produces surprisingly fast and useful change—small steps that add up. If short, targeted work fits the situation, or if a client wants momentum and clarity quickly, SFBT is a practical option to consider.
中文翻译
当担忧或停滞占据太多空间时,专注于过去的治疗可能会让人感到沉重。焦点解决短期疗法(常缩写为SFBT或SFT)转变了对话方式:哪些小而现实的下一步会带来改变?它简洁、以目标为导向,并围绕来访者的优势构建——当清晰度和前进动力是优先事项时很有帮助。
SFBT是一种短期、面向未来的疗法,以目标、资源和已经在起作用的事物为中心——而不是长时间寻找原因。典型的SFBT工作是简短的:许多研究报告平均约4-6次会谈,尽管研究范围更广(1-24次会谈)。目标是在短时间内实现有用、可衡量的改变。
这种疗法帮助来访者和治疗师创建对偏好未来的清晰愿景。从那里,他们找到小而可操作的步骤前进,基于来访者现有的优势和成功,而不是专注于他们的问题。
关键要素包括目标制定(良好形成的目标):清晰、可观察且由来访者选择的结果;奇迹问题:邀请来访者想象问题解决后的一天,这澄清了什么重要并帮助设定目标;例外问题:探索问题没有发生(或较轻)的时刻,揭示来访者生活中已有的可用策略;量表问题:通过要求来访者在0-10量表上评分并确定下一步小步骤来跟踪进展;语言和立场:治疗师采用“不知”的好奇心并使用来访者自己的语言——这保留了来访者的能动性并使干预在文化上尊重。
好处包括效率:短期治疗课程可以产生有意义的改变,这对寻求快速、专注、实际帮助的人很有用;以希望为中心并赋权:通过专注于解决方案和现有优势,来访者通常在会谈后感到更有能力和动力;多功能性:SFBT成功应用于个人、家庭、夫妻、学校、医疗保健和组织环境;证据基础:一项总体审查得出结论,高度确信SFBT改善成人抑郁、整体心理健康和个人目标进展等结果。
示例(社交焦虑):一位来访者报告对工作社交活动感到恐惧。治疗师问:“如果你明天醒来问题消失了,你会首先注意到什么?”(奇迹问题)。来访者说:“我能多待10分钟并向两位同事问好。”治疗师问:“在0-10量表上,你现在在哪里?”来访者:“3。”治疗师:“你做了什么让它成为3而不是1?”那个例外指向一个小的、可重复的行为(简短问候)在下一次会谈前练习。量表让来访者跟踪进展并建立信心。
SFBT不是否认困难;它是将注意力战略性地重新导向什么有效和下一步是什么。对许多人来说,这种转变产生出人意料地快速和有用的改变——小步骤累积起来。如果短期、有针对性的工作适合情况,或者如果来访者想要快速获得动力和清晰度,SFBT是一个实用的选择。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期疗法(SFBT)的核心概念和应用,特别结合关键词“SFBT中的目标制定在压力管理工作坊中”。SFBT是一种短期、未来导向的治疗方法,强调目标设定、资源利用和现有优势,而非深究问题原因。关键技巧包括奇迹问题、例外问题、量表问题等,帮助来访者制定清晰、可操作的目标。文章通过社交焦虑案例展示了SFBT如何通过小步骤实现改变,并指出其在压力管理工作坊等场景中的高效性和实用性,能快速带来希望和动力。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下,如果你觉得压力很大,像被卡住了一样,SFBT就像一位聪明的朋友,不一直问你“为什么这么糟糕”,而是问“明天如果变好一点点,你会做什么?”它帮你找到自己能做的小事情,比如多待10分钟和朋友打招呼,然后一步一步来,让你越来越有信心。这就像玩游戏升级,每次完成一个小任务就加分,超级酷!
焦点解决心理学理论评价
从焦点解决心理学的视角看,这篇文章精彩地展现了目标制定的艺术和力量。SFBT将目标视为来访者内在资源的灯塔,通过奇迹问题、例外探索和量表技术,将模糊的愿望转化为清晰、可观察的行动步骤。这种目标制定不是外部强加的,而是从来访者的偏好未来中自然浮现的,充分体现了“来访者是自身生活的专家”这一核心理念。在压力管理工作坊中,这种目标导向的方法能快速点燃参与者的希望感,将注意力从“问题”转向“可能性”,创造出积极的改变螺旋。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
1. 职场压力管理工作坊:帮助员工制定可实现的减压小目标,提升工作满意度。
2. 学校心理健康课程:教导学生用SFBT技巧应对考试焦虑,设定学习进步目标。
3. 家庭咨询:协助家庭成员聚焦共同未来愿景,改善沟通和关系。
4. 医疗保健机构:支持慢性病患者管理症状,增强治疗依从性和生活质量。
5. 社区心理健康服务:在资源有限环境下提供短期、高效的心理支持。
6. 企业培训:培养团队的目标设定和问题解决能力,提升组织效能。
7. 个人成长工作坊:引导参与者探索人生方向,制定切实可行的成长计划。
8. 危机干预:快速帮助个体在困难时期找到稳定和前进的小步骤。
9. 成瘾康复项目:支持康复者建立清醒生活的具体目标,预防复发。
10. 老年心理健康服务:协助老年人适应生活变化,保持积极心态和生活目标。