英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. Scaling questions are questions that allow a client to rate their experience. They also allow for a client to evaluate their motivation to change their experience. Scaling questions allow for a practitioner to add a follow-up question that is in the positive as well. An example of a scaling question: “On a scale of 1-10, with 10 representing the best it can be and one the worst, where would you say you are today?” A follow-up question: “Why a four and not a five?” Questions like these allow the client to explore the positive, as well as their commitment to the changes that need to occur. Solution-Focused Therapy is an approach that empowers clients to own their abilities in solving life’s problems. Rather than traditional psychotherapy that focuses on how a problem was derived, SFT allows for a goal-oriented focus to problem-solving. This approach allows for future-oriented, rather than past-oriented discussions to move a client forward toward the resolutions of their present problem. This approach is used in many different areas, including education, family therapy, and even in office settings. Creating cooperative and collaborative opportunities to problem solve allows mind-broadening capabilities. Illuminating a path of choice is a compelling way to enable people to explore how exactly they want to show up in this world.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法,而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师一段时间后发展起来的。与积极心理学类似,焦点解决疗法(SFT)从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问,帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性,焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题,也被用于各种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活中需要改善的方面有一定了解。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题的未来。通过指导和积极提问,这一愿景变得更加清晰。量表问题是让来访者评估自己体验的问题,也让来访者评估改变体验的动机。量表问题允许从业者提出积极的后续问题。例如一个量表问题:“在1-10的范围内,10代表最好,1代表最差,您认为今天自己处于哪个位置?”后续问题:“为什么是四而不是五?”这类问题让来访者探索积极方面,以及他们对需要发生变化的承诺。焦点解决疗法是一种让来访者掌握解决生活问题能力的方法。与关注问题如何产生的传统心理治疗不同,SFT允许以目标为导向专注于解决问题。这种方法允许进行面向未来的讨论,而不是面向过去的讨论,以推动来访者朝着解决当前问题的方向前进。这种方法应用于许多不同领域,包括教育、家庭治疗,甚至办公室环境。创造合作和协作解决问题的机会可以拓宽思维。照亮选择之路是一种引人注目的方式,使人们能够探索他们究竟想在这个世界上如何展现自己。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法(SFT)的基本理念、发展背景及其在团体工作中的应用,特别强调了量表练习在促进目标进展中的作用。SFT由德·沙泽尔和伯格等人创立,注重来访者的解决问题能力和未来导向,而非问题成因。文章详细说明了目标澄清、量表问题(如1-10评分)等技术,这些技术帮助来访者评估现状、动机和进展,增强积极改变。SFT已广泛应用于抑郁、关系困难、成瘾等多个领域,并在教育、家庭治疗和职场中发挥作用,通过合作解决问题拓宽思维,赋能个人探索自我展现方式。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下,如果你有一个烦恼,比如作业太多或者和朋友吵架了,焦点解决疗法就像是一个超级英雄工具箱,它不一直问你“为什么烦恼”,而是帮你一起想“怎么让事情变好”。比如,它会问你:“如果从1到10打分,10分是最开心,你现在是几分?”然后问:“为什么不是更高一分呢?”这样你就能发现自己已经做得很棒的地方,还有怎么可以更开心一点。这个方法在很多地方都用得上,比如在学校、家里,甚至爸爸妈妈上班的地方,让大家一起合作,把问题变成机会,找到更好的自己!
焦点解决心理学理论评价
从焦点解决心理学的视角来看,这篇文章精彩地展现了SFT的核心精髓——赞美来访者的内在资源和目标导向思维。它强调了“例外”和“量表”等技术的强大力量,这些技术不是简单地分析问题,而是巧妙地引导来访者从“问题视角”转向“解决视角”。文章中提到目标澄清和未来愿景的构建,这正是SFBT中“预设改变”和“奇迹问题”的体现,帮助来访者从现状中看到进步的可能性和希望的火花。这种积极聚焦的做法,极大地增强了来访者的自我效能感和主动性,为持续成长奠定了坚实基础。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
在实践应用方面,焦点解决团体工作中的量表练习具有广泛的适用性,可以赋能人们在多个领域解决问题:1. 教育领域,帮助学生设定学习目标并跟踪进步;2. 职场环境,提升团队协作和问题解决效率;3. 家庭治疗,改善家庭成员间的沟通和关系;4. 心理健康,缓解抑郁和焦虑情绪;5. 成瘾康复,支持戒除不良习惯;6. 人际关系,解决冲突和增强连接;7. 个人成长,提升自信和自我认知;8. 危机干预,快速稳定情绪并找到出路;9. 社区服务,促进集体行动和资源共享;10. 领导力发展,培养积极管理和决策能力。这些问题通过量表练习,都能在团体互动中激发更多创意和动力,推动目标实现。