英文原文
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a well-established therapeutic approach that focuses on identifying and enhancing solutions rather than dwelling on problems. It is a brief and goal-oriented form of psychotherapy that can be adapted and effectively used by sport psychologists to support athletes in achieving their full potential. SFBT was developed in the 1980s by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg as an alternative to traditional, problem-centered therapeutic approaches. It is grounded in the belief that individuals possess the internal resources and strengths necessary to find solutions to their challenges. Instead of delving into the details of problems and their origins, SFBT practitioners help clients focus on their desired outcomes and explore the steps needed to achieve those outcomes. One of the fundamental principles of SFBT is the "miracle question." In a sports psychology context, this question might be reframed as, "Imagine that one night, while you are sleeping, a miracle happens, and all your issues related to your athletic performance are resolved. What would you notice that is different when you wake up, and how would you recognize that your performance has improved?" By asking this question, the therapist encourages the athlete to envision their preferred future and establish a clear vision of success. The athlete's responses to the miracle question serve as a foundation for setting concrete, achievable goals. Another crucial concept in SFBT is the "scaling question." In the context of sports psychology, an athlete might be asked to rate their current level of performance on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest. The athlete is then guided to identify what would need to happen for them to move one step up on the scale. This scaling technique helps the athlete break down their goals into smaller, more manageable components, fostering a sense of progress and empowerment. SFBT also emphasizes the importance of exceptions. Therapists and sport psychologists explore moments when the athlete's issue was not as pronounced or when they achieved a positive outcome, even if it was temporary. By investigating these exceptions, athletes can identify their own strengths and effective strategies they may not have recognized. This process not only boosts self-esteem but also provides practical solutions to ongoing challenges. The SFBT approach respects the uniqueness of each athlete and their individual experiences. It acknowledges that what works for one athlete may not work for another. Therefore, SFBT therapists collaborate with athletes to co-create solutions that are tailored to their specific needs and preferences. This approach empowers athletes to take an active role in shaping their own solutions and strategies. SFBT's brevity is another key feature that makes it suitable for sport psychologists working with athletes. Athletes often seek quick, effective solutions to enhance their performance and overcome mental barriers. SFBT is designed to provide rapid results, typically spanning a limited number of sessions, which aligns well with the athlete's need for efficient support. The application of SFBT in the field of sports psychology can be highly effective. Athletes face a wide range of psychological challenges, from performance anxiety and self-doubt to motivation and goal setting. SFBT equips sport psychologists with a structured yet flexible approach to address these issues. It helps athletes set clear and achievable goals, build resilience, and develop coping strategies for high-pressure situations. Moreover, SFBT can be employed in various sports contexts, from individual sports like tennis and golf to team sports like soccer and basketball. Athletes at different skill levels, from amateur to elite, can benefit from SFBT. Coaches and trainers can also integrate SFBT techniques into their coaching methods to create a more supportive and empowering environment for their athletes. In conclusion, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy is a goal-oriented and pragmatic approach that is well-suited for sport psychologists aiming to help athletes achieve their potential. By focusing on solutions, setting clear goals, and empowering athletes to find their strengths, SFBT can be a valuable tool in enhancing performance, building resilience, and addressing psychological challenges. Its adaptability and efficiency make it a promising addition to the toolkit of sport psychologists dedicated to supporting athletes in their pursuit of excellence.
中文翻译
焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）是一种成熟的治疗方法，专注于识别和增强解决方案，而不是纠结于问题。它是一种简短且以目标为导向的心理治疗形式，可以被运动心理学家调整并有效使用，以支持运动员发挥其全部潜力。SFBT由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔和因苏·金·伯格在20世纪80年代开发，作为传统以问题为中心的治疗方法的替代方案。它基于一个信念，即个体拥有找到挑战解决方案所需的内在资源和优势。SFBT从业者不是深入探讨问题的细节及其根源，而是帮助客户专注于他们期望的结果，并探索实现这些结果所需的步骤。SFBT的基本原则之一是“奇迹问题”。在运动心理学背景下，这个问题可能被重新表述为：“想象一下，有一天晚上，当你睡觉时，一个奇迹发生了，所有与你的运动表现相关的问题都解决了。当你醒来时，你会注意到什么不同，以及你如何认识到你的表现已经改善？”通过提出这个问题，治疗师鼓励运动员设想他们偏好的未来，并建立清晰的成功愿景。运动员对奇迹问题的回答为设定具体、可实现的目标奠定了基础。SFBT中的另一个关键概念是“量表问题”。在运动心理学背景下，可能会要求运动员在1到10的量表上评估他们当前的表现水平，其中1为最低，10为最高。然后引导运动员确定需要发生什么才能让他们在量表上向上移动一步。这种量表技术帮助运动员将目标分解为更小、更易管理的组成部分，培养进步感和赋权感。SFBT还强调例外的重要性。治疗师和运动心理学家探索运动员问题不那么明显或他们取得积极结果的时刻，即使这些时刻是暂时的。通过调查这些例外，运动员可以识别他们自己的优势和可能未被认识到的有效策略。这个过程不仅增强了自尊，还为持续的挑战提供了实用的解决方案。SFBT方法尊重每位运动员及其个人经历的独特性。它承认对一位运动员有效的方法可能对另一位无效。因此，SFBT治疗师与运动员合作，共同创造适合他们特定需求和偏好的解决方案。这种方法赋予运动员在塑造自己的解决方案和策略中发挥积极作用的能力。SFBT的简短性是另一个关键特征，使其适合与运动员一起工作的运动心理学家。运动员通常寻求快速、有效的解决方案来提升表现并克服心理障碍。SFBT旨在提供快速结果，通常跨越有限的会话次数，这与运动员对高效支持的需求很好地契合。SFBT在运动心理学领域的应用可以非常有效。运动员面临广泛的心理挑战，从表现焦虑和自我怀疑到动机和目标设定。SFBT为运动心理学家提供了一种结构化但灵活的方法来解决这些问题。它帮助运动员设定清晰且可实现的目标，建立韧性，并为高压情况制定应对策略。此外，SFBT可以应用于各种运动背景，从网球和高尔夫等个人运动到足球和篮球等团队运动。不同技能水平的运动员，从业余到精英，都可以从SFBT中受益。教练和训练师也可以将SFBT技术整合到他们的教练方法中，为运动员创造一个更支持性和赋权的环境。总之，焦点解决短期治疗是一种以目标为导向且务实的方法，非常适合旨在帮助运动员发挥潜力的运动心理学家。通过专注于解决方案、设定清晰目标并赋予运动员找到自己优势的能力，SFBT可以成为提升表现、建立韧性和解决心理挑战的宝贵工具。其适应性和效率使其成为致力于支持运动员追求卓越的运动心理学家工具箱中一个有希望的补充。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）在运动心理学中的应用，特别是如何通过目标设定来提升运动员的表现。文章解释了SFBT的核心原则，如奇迹问题和量表问题，这些工具帮助运动员设想成功、设定具体目标并分解步骤。SFBT强调利用运动员的内在资源和例外时刻来找到解决方案，而不是关注问题本身。这种方法简短、高效，适合运动员快速应对心理挑战，如焦虑和动机问题，并适用于各种运动类型和技能水平。文章总结SFBT是一种实用的工具，能帮助运动员增强韧性、改善表现，并支持他们在追求卓越的过程中发挥潜力。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，你是个运动员，有时候会担心比赛表现不好。SFBT就像个聪明的教练，不总问你“哪里出错了”，而是问“如果明天一觉醒来，所有问题都解决了，你会看到什么不同？”这样你就能画出自己的成功画面，然后一步步实现它。比如，用1到10打分，你现在是5分，想想怎么做能到6分，这样目标就变小了，更容易做到。它还会帮你找那些你表现好的时候，让你知道自己有多棒！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：SFBT在运动心理学中的应用展现了其强大的目标导向和赋能特性。它通过奇迹问题激发运动员的未来愿景，将抽象的成功转化为具体目标，这体现了SFBT对“解决方案构建”的重视。量表问题则巧妙地将目标分解，促进渐进式进步，符合SFBT的“小步骤”原则。强调例外时刻的探索，帮助运动员识别自身优势，这强化了SFBT的“资源导向”理念。整体上，SFBT以简洁高效的方式，支持运动员从问题思维转向可能性思维，完美契合其追求卓越的动态需求。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT可应用于运动训练、团队建设、教育辅导和职场发展等领域。它能帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 提升运动表现和自信心；2. 克服比赛焦虑和压力；3. 设定并实现个人目标；4. 增强团队合作和沟通；5. 改善学习动力和成绩；6. 应对工作挑战和职业倦怠；7. 建立积极的生活习惯；8. 处理人际关系冲突；9. 培养韧性和适应能力；10. 发现并利用个人内在优势。