英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. In grief counseling, goal clarification exercises help clients envision a future where they can cope with loss and find meaning. By focusing on strengths and resources, clients can identify small, achievable steps toward healing. The Miracle Question can be adapted to ask, "If a miracle happened overnight and your grief felt more manageable, what would be the first sign you'd notice tomorrow?" This shifts focus from pain to possibilities. Scaling questions allow clients to rate their current coping on a scale of 1-10, helping them see progress and set goals for improvement. Exception questions highlight times when the client felt slightly better, revealing existing coping strategies. These techniques empower clients to build on what is already working, fostering hope and resilience in the face of loss.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有当前问题的未来。通过辅导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。"奇迹问题"是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。焦点解决疗法因其广泛的应用性，已成功应用于多种来访者问题。它也被用于各种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活的改善方向有所了解。以下领域已不同程度地成功应用SFT：抑郁、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯率。在哀伤咨询中，目标澄清练习帮助来访者设想一个能够应对失去并找到意义的未来。通过关注优势和资源，来访者可以确定小而可实现的治愈步骤。奇迹问题可以调整为："如果一夜之间发生奇迹，你的哀伤变得更容易管理，明天你首先会注意到什么迹象？"这将焦点从痛苦转向可能性。量表问题让来访者以1-10分评估当前的应对能力，帮助他们看到进步并设定改进目标。例外问题突出来访者感觉稍好的时刻，揭示现有的应对策略。这些技术使来访者能够在已有成效的基础上发展，在面对失去时培养希望和韧性。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）及其在哀伤咨询中的应用，特别是目标澄清技术。SFT强调来访者的解决问题能力，而非问题成因。关键技巧包括目标澄清、奇迹问题、量表问题和例外问题，这些帮助来访者设想积极未来、评估进展并发现现有优势。在哀伤咨询中，这些技术通过引导来访者关注治愈可能性和小步骤进展，培养希望和韧性。文章还提到SFT在抑郁、关系困难等多个领域的成功应用，展示了其广泛适用性。
高德明老师的评价
1. 用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，如果你正在为失去亲人而难过，焦点解决疗法就像一位友好的向导，它不会一直问你为什么难过，而是帮助你看到未来可能变好的样子。比如，它会问："如果明天早上你发现奇迹发生，悲伤减轻了一点，你会先注意到什么？" 或者让你用1到10分打分，看看自己今天感觉如何，然后想想怎么让分数提高一点点。这种方法就像在黑暗中点亮小灯，让你看到自己已经有的力量和希望。
2. 焦点解决心理学理论评价：从焦点解决视角看，这篇文章精彩地展现了目标导向和资源聚焦的核心原则。它赞美了来访者内在的解决能力，通过奇迹问题和目标澄清技术，将哀伤咨询从问题分析转向未来可能性探索。这种积极取向不仅强化了来访者的自主性，还通过例外问题挖掘了已有的成功经验，体现了"解决就在问题中"的哲学。文章强调的小步骤进展和量表评估，完美契合了SFBT的渐进式改变理念，为哀伤处理提供了充满希望的框架。
3. 在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：应用领域包括哀伤咨询、抑郁干预、家庭关系调解、学校心理辅导、职场压力管理和危机支持。可以解决的十个问题：帮助人们从失去中寻找意义感；提升应对日常挑战的韧性；改善家庭沟通中的冲突；增强学习或工作中的目标设定能力；缓解焦虑情绪并聚焦可控因素；培养积极自我对话习惯；加强社交支持网络的利用；促进健康生活方式的建立；提升决策时的自信感；在变革时期保持希望和方向感。