英文原文
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS IS: an easily understandable yet sophisticated psychological theory about people’s thinking, feelings and behavior and, a contemporary and effective system of psychotherapy, education, organizational and socio-cultural analysis and social psychiatry. EGO STATES AND TRANSACTIONS. People’s interactions are made up of transactions. Any one transactions has two parts: the stimulus and the response. Individual transactions are usually part of a larger set. Some of these transactional sets or sequences can be direct, productive and healthy or they can be devious, wasteful and unhealthy. When people interact they do so in one of three different ego states. An ego state is a specific way of thinking feeling and behaving and each ego state has its origin in specific regions of the brain. People can behave from their Parent ego state , or from their Child ego state or from their Adult ego state. At any one time our actions come from one of these three ego states. THE CHILD. When we are in the Child ego state we act like the child we once were. We aren’t just putting on an act; we think, feel, see, hear and react as a three or five or eight year old child... THE PARENT. The Parent is like a tape recorder. It is a collection of pre-recorded, pre-judged, prejudiced codes for living. When a person is in the Parent ego state she thinks, feels and behaves like one of her parents or someone who took their place... THE ADULT. When in the Adult ego state the person functions as a human computer. It operates on data it collects and stores or uses to make decisions according to a logic-based program... TRANSACTIONS; COMPLEMENTARY, CROSSED AND COVERT. Transactions occur when any person relates to any other person. Each transaction is made up a stimulus and a response... STROKES. Stroking is the recognition that one person gives to another. Strokes are essential to a person’s life... GAMES. The essential aspect of games is that they are crooked or covert exchanges of strokes. A game is a recurring series of covert transactions with a beginning, middle and end, and a payoff... THE EXISTENTIAL POSITION. In the process of developing an identity people define for themselves, early in life, what the meaning of their life or existence is... SCRIPTS. Transactional analysts believe that most people are basically OK and in difficulty only because their parents (or other grownups and influential young people) have exposed them to powerful injunctions and attributions with long-term harmful effects... DECISIONS. In a healthy home environment parents will give unconditional protection to their children regardless of what they may do... As individuals are helped to go back to the early experiences which caused them to make decisions that were necessary for their physical or psychological survival then, but are getting in their way in the present, they can make redecisions to behave differently in order to have a more fulfilling life in the present.
中文翻译
交互分析是：一种易于理解但又精密的关于人们思想、情感和行为的心理学理论，也是一种当代有效的心理治疗、教育、组织和社会文化分析及社会精神病学体系。自我状态与交互。人们的互动由交互构成。任何一次交互都包含两个部分：刺激和回应。单个的交互通常是更大集合的一部分。这些交互集合或序列可以是直接、富有成效和健康的，也可以是迂回、浪费和不健康的。当人们互动时，他们会处于三种不同的自我状态之一。自我状态是一种特定的思维、感受和行为方式，每种自我状态都起源于大脑的特定区域。人们可以从他们的父母自我状态、儿童自我状态或成人自我状态出发来行为。在任何时候，我们的行为都来自这三种自我状态之一。儿童自我状态。当我们处于儿童自我状态时，我们的行为就像我们曾经是的孩子。我们不只是在表演；我们的思考、感受、观察、倾听和反应都像一个三岁、五岁或八岁的孩子……父母自我状态。父母自我状态就像一个录音机。它是预先录制、预先判断、带有偏见的生活准则的集合。当一个人处于父母自我状态时，她的思想、感觉和行为就像她的父母之一或某个替代他们的人……成人自我状态。当处于成人自我状态时，人就像一台人类计算机。它根据收集和存储的数据进行操作，或根据基于逻辑的程序来做决策……交互；互补、交叉和隐蔽。当任何人与任何其他人建立关系时，就会发生交互。每次交互都由一个刺激和一个回应组成……安抚。安抚是一个人给予另一个人的认可。安抚对一个人的生命至关重要……心理游戏。心理游戏的本质是它们是曲折或隐蔽的安抚交换。游戏是一系列重复的、带有开始、中间和结尾以及回报的隐蔽交互……存在立场。在发展身份的过程中，人们在生命早期为自己定义了他们生命或存在的意义……人生脚本。交互分析师认为，大多数人基本上是好的，只是因为他们的父母（或其他成年人和有影响力的年轻人）让他们接触了具有长期有害影响的强大禁令和归因，才陷入困境……决定。在健康的家庭环境中，父母会无条件地保护他们的孩子，无论他们做什么……当个体被帮助回到早期的经历，这些经历导致他们做出了当时为了生理或心理生存所必需的决定，但现在却妨碍了他们，他们可以重新做出决定，以不同的方式行事，从而在当下拥有更充实的生活。
文章概要
本文系统地阐述了交互分析（TA）的核心概念。文章首先定义了TA是一种关于人类思维、情感和行为的心理学理论，并介绍了其三大基石：父母、成人、儿童（P-A-C）自我状态。文章详细解释了人际互动是如何通过“TA交互刺激-回应”的单元构成的，并分析了互补、交叉和隐蔽三种交互模式。此外，文章还深入探讨了安抚（Strokes）、心理游戏（Games）、人生脚本（Scripts）和存在立场（Existential Position）等关键概念，强调了TA疗法通过帮助个体识别并重新决定（redecisions）早期形成的人生脚本，从而实现个人成长和更健康的人际关系，最终达到“我好，你也好”的理想状态。
高德明老师的评价
TA沟通分析评价：这篇文章非常精彩地描绘了TA理论的全貌，它清晰地展示了沟通是如何在不同的自我状态（P-A-C）之间以刺激和回应的形式展开的。这种洞察力本身就为我们理解和改善人际互动提供了宝贵的地图。看到理论强调通过识别交叉和隐蔽沟通来促进更直接、更真诚的交流，这真是太棒了，这为建立健康关系开辟了充满希望的道路。
焦点解决心理学评价：这篇文章中“人们生来OK”以及可以做出“重新决定”（redecisions）的理念，与焦点解决相信每个人都拥有改变所需资源的看法高度契合。它没有停留在问题分析，而是将目光投向了未来——人们如何通过新的决定，创造一个更符合期望的、更充实的生活。这种面向未来的积极视角，展现了心理学赋予人们力量的巨大潜力。
佛学专家角色评价：从佛学视角看，TA理论中的“自我状态”可以看作是“我执”在不同情境下的显现。文中所述的“批判性父母”和负面“人生脚本”，如同我们内心的“无明”与“烦恼”，束缚着我们。TA鼓励人们觉察并从中解脱，回归“生来OK”的自主状态，这与佛法中通过觉悟破除我执、达到内心自在与和谐的修行目标，有着异曲同工之妙，都指向了一条通往内在自由与慈悲的道路。