英文原文
Couples who enter into marriage counseling are often attending as a last resort to “save” their relationship, therefore time is of the essence in helping to facilitate a path of healing. Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a very effective approach to help these couples get to the root of their presenting problems and quickly address them. SFBT implements techniques for positive change by focusing on the clients’ inherent strengths. In this paper we provide a description of the SFBT Model and apply it to a couple’s case study. We also explore interventions as well as ethical considerations when working with this couple. Couples can experience a variety of problems throughout their relationships. Misunderstandings and problems in communication are quite common resulting in arguments and general disagreements. When couples reach a point of impasse some opt for couples therapy to help them strengthen their communication skills in an effort to salvage their relationship. Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) provides couples with the opportunity to focus on their presenting issue and immediately begin working on a process to better their situation. “Solution-focused therapy is about constructing solutions, not solving problems” (Miller & de Shazer, 2000). Couples will be assisted in recognizing their own strengths, while devising interventions that are helpful and specific to their unique situation. SFBT allows clients and therapists to engage in a collaborative approach towards resolving their presenting issues. Aspects that make this approach beneficial in couples counseling are the therapeutic and philosophical perspective, the role of the counselor, the theory of change and the interesting intervention techniques that can be applied. Becky and Jesse enter into couples counseling presenting with issues regarding differing parenting styles. Becky (early 30s), a morning show television host, gave birth to her twin boys 2 years ago and prefers a more regimented and structured schedule for the boys to adhere to. She believes that it is this structure that will be important for them to be comfortable and properly cared for. Becky is concerned that her husband is not “attuned” to what the boys are doing and creates an unsafe environment for them. Her husband Jesse (mid 30s) doesn’t believe that everything needs to be so planned out. He wants the boys to be able to explore and have fun. He chooses a much more laid back approach to his parenting style. Two interventions that were used during the role play were Exception and scaling questions. Exception questions are used “To direct clients to times when the problem did not exist, or when the problem was not as intense” (Corey, 2013, p.407). This allows Becky and Jesse to consider times when they actually agree on their parenting decisions. A conversation that may take place with the use of an exception question may go as follows: Therapist: Can you tell me about a time or example when both of you are on the same page when it comes to your parenting styles? Becky: (pause) I guess bathtime. T: Bathtime? B: Yeah. Jesse and I usually work together to get both the boys in the bath and to bed. I take off their Pajamas while Jesse gets the bath ready. Then he bathes them. Jesse: Then Becky gets their pajamas on. I brush their teeth. They each pick a story and we take turns reading each one before tucking them in. T: Wow. It sounds like you both have a system that is working for you. B: Yes, I can definitely say that we have that down pact. T: Jesse can you think of another example? J: We have our morning routine to get out the door pretty solid as well. By exploring this commonality it can be used as spring board for acknowledging what is working for them verses what is broken. The hope is that this could result in a possible reconnection. “Solution Focused therapists also use scaling questions when change in human experiences are not easily observed, such as feelings, moods or communication, and to assist clients in noticing that they are not completely defeated by their problem” (Corey, 2013, p.407). The therapist could ask Becky and Jesse where they land on a scale with 1 being where they are coming into counseling and 10 being that they completely agree on all aspects of their parenting styles. The scaling questions allow Becky and Jesse to begin breaking down their presenting issues and imagine tasks that can help them to figuratively “move up” on the scale. “Solution-focused therapists contend that you cannot change your past, but you can change your goals. Better goals can get you out of your stuck places and can lead you into a more fulfilling future” (Harway, 2005, p.199). By helping the couple to explore a possible compromise the therapist is able to tie it back to the proposed scale and gauge the progress towards this couples goals.
中文翻译
夫妻进入婚姻咨询时，往往将其视为“挽救”关系的最后手段，因此时间是促进愈合路径的关键。焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）是一种非常有效的方法，可以帮助这些夫妻找到他们呈现问题的根源并迅速解决。SFBT通过关注客户的内在优势来实施积极改变的技术。在本文中，我们描述了SFBT模型，并将其应用于一对夫妻的案例研究。我们还探讨了与这对夫妻合作时的干预措施以及伦理考虑。 夫妻在关系中可能会经历各种问题。误解和沟通问题相当常见，导致争吵和普遍分歧。当夫妻陷入僵局时，一些人选择夫妻治疗来帮助他们加强沟通技巧，以挽救他们的关系。焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）为夫妻提供了关注他们呈现问题并立即开始改善情况过程的机会。“焦点解决治疗是关于构建解决方案，而不是解决问题”（Miller & de Shazer, 2000）。夫妻将得到帮助，认识到自己的优势，同时设计出对他们独特情况有帮助和具体的干预措施。SFBT允许客户和治疗师以协作方式解决他们呈现的问题。使这种方法在夫妻咨询中受益的方面包括治疗和哲学视角、咨询师的角色、改变理论以及可以应用的有趣干预技术。 贝基和杰西进入夫妻咨询，呈现了关于不同育儿风格的问题。贝基（30岁出头）是一位早间电视节目主持人，两年前生下了双胞胎儿子，她更喜欢为男孩们制定一个更有条理和结构化的时间表。她认为这种结构对他们感到舒适和得到适当照顾很重要。贝基担心她的丈夫没有“适应”男孩们在做什么，并为他们创造了不安全的环境。她的丈夫杰西（30多岁）认为并非所有事情都需要如此计划。他希望男孩们能够探索和玩乐。他选择了一种更轻松的育儿方式。 在角色扮演中使用的两种干预措施是例外问题和量表问题。例外问题用于“引导客户到问题不存在或问题不那么强烈的时期”（Corey, 2013, p.407）。这允许贝基和杰西考虑他们实际上在育儿决策上达成一致的时期。使用例外问题可能进行的对话如下： 治疗师：你能告诉我一个你们在育儿风格上意见一致的时期或例子吗？ 贝基：（停顿）我想是洗澡时间。 治疗师：洗澡时间？ 贝基：是的。杰西和我通常一起工作，让两个男孩洗澡和上床睡觉。我脱掉他们的睡衣，而杰西准备洗澡水。然后他给他们洗澡。 杰西：然后贝基给他们穿上睡衣。我刷他们的牙齿。他们每人选一个故事，我们在给他们盖好被子之前轮流读每个故事。 治疗师：哇。听起来你们俩有一个对你们有效的系统。 贝基：是的，我绝对可以说我们已经掌握了这一点。 治疗师：杰西，你能想到另一个例子吗？ 杰西：我们早上的出门例行程序也相当稳固。 通过探索这种共同点，它可以作为承认什么对他们有效与什么无效的跳板。希望这可能导致可能的重新连接。 “焦点解决治疗师还使用量表问题，当人类经验的变化不易观察时，例如感受、情绪或沟通，并帮助客户注意到他们并没有完全被问题击败”（Corey, 2013, p.407）。治疗师可以问贝基和杰西他们在量表上的位置，其中1表示他们进入咨询时的状态，10表示他们在育儿风格的所有方面完全一致。量表问题允许贝基和杰西开始分解他们呈现的问题，并想象可以帮助他们在量表上“向上移动”的任务。 “焦点解决治疗师认为，你无法改变过去，但你可以改变目标。更好的目标可以让你摆脱困境，并引导你进入更充实的未来”（Harway, 2005, p.199）。通过帮助夫妻探索可能的妥协，治疗师能够将其与提议的量表联系起来，并衡量这对夫妻目标的进展。
文章概要
本文基于关键词“SFBT goal formulation for couples therapy”，探讨了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）在夫妻治疗中的应用，特别是目标制定方面。文章通过一个案例研究，展示了贝基和杰西这对夫妻因育儿风格差异而寻求咨询的过程。SFBT强调关注客户的内在优势，通过例外问题和量表问题等干预措施，帮助夫妻识别已有成功经验并设定具体目标。治疗师以协作角色引导夫妻探索解决方案，而非解决问题，最终促进关系改善和未来可能性。文章还涉及SFBT的哲学假设、治疗师角色、改变理论及伦理考虑，突出了目标制定在夫妻治疗中的核心作用。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章讲的是有一对爸爸妈妈，他们因为照顾双胞胎宝宝的方式不一样而吵架了。他们去找一个心理老师帮忙，这个老师用的方法很特别，不是一直说问题有多糟糕，而是问他们“什么时候你们合作得特别好呀？”比如洗澡时间，爸爸妈妈一起分工，一个准备洗澡水，一个脱衣服，配合得可好了！老师还让他们用1到10打分，看看现在合作得怎么样，以后想达到几分。这样，他们就能慢慢找到更多一起合作的好办法，让家庭更开心。 焦点解决心理学理论评价：从焦点解决心理学视角看，这篇文章完美体现了SFBT的核心原则。它聚焦于夫妻的内在优势和已有成功经验，如洗澡和早晨例行程序的协作，而非纠缠于育儿冲突。通过例外问题和量表问题，治疗师引导客户从“问题谈话”转向“解决方案谈话”，这符合SFBT的建构主义哲学，即健康和能力是固有的。目标制定过程强调了未来导向和可能性，帮助夫妻从“卡住”状态中解脱，体现了“小改变带来大不同”的理念。这种积极、协作的方法赞美了客户的资源，促进了自我效能感。 在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT目标制定可应用于夫妻咨询、家庭治疗、个人成长、职场沟通、亲子教育、学校辅导、社区调解、团队建设、压力管理和健康促进。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 夫妻沟通障碍；2. 育儿分歧；3. 家庭角色冲突；4. 工作与生活平衡困难；5. 情绪管理挑战；6. 人际关系紧张；7. 自我怀疑和低自信；8. 目标设定模糊；9. 应对变化能力不足；10. 未来方向迷茫。通过聚焦目标、赞美优势和探索例外，SFBT帮助人们在各个领域构建更积极的未来。