英文原文
The career decision-making process is ongoing throughout your professional life and as your career progresses, you may find yourself using this process again. There are times you may feel frustrated as if you are no closer to finding direction than when you started. If you’re going through the process, you are making progress. Each area you explore takes you closer to the options that are a good fit.
STEP 1: SELF-ASSESSMENT
First assess your interests, values, and personality to develop an understanding of your technical and transferable skills. Consider factors that may affect your searches, such as geographic preferences, an organization’s culture, or work-life balance. Be aware that assessments cannot define you or tell you what you should do. Instead, they suggest areas for further exploration and give you a place to begin your research.
Four Components of Self-Assessment:
Skills: Many skills are transferable – meaning they can be used across a wide range of industries and functional areas. For example, communication skills are valued in all roles, making them highly transferable. It’s important to take the time to identify your skills and how those may connect with career options.
Interests: Your interests may change as you are introduced to new areas of study and new experiences. Reflecting on your interests, in conjunction with your skills, personality, and values is an important step in the self-assessment process. Use the questions below to begin your reflection.What activities do you gravitate towards? What appeals to you about those activities?What issues or causes are important to you?When have you been happiest in life? What were you doing?What classes have been your favorites and what appealed to you about those classes?Who do you admire most and why?
Personality: Your unique characteristics influence your thoughts, behaviors, decisions, and how you engage with the world. A perfect job for one person may be totally wrong for another.How much interaction with others do you need in your work?Do you prefer imagining possibilities and being inventive, or do you enjoy handling practical matters, details, and work that is measurable?
Values: Making choices consistent with your values is a key component of career satisfaction. Take time to define what your values mean to you. For example, the desire to make a difference is often cited as a career-related value, but that may look different to each person.
STEP 2: IDENTIFY AND RESEARCH OPTIONS
Doctors and teachers are among the jobs we know, but there are thousands of other jobs, and more created as industries evolve. Explore the range of career options and don’t limit yourself to careers with which you are familiar.
Learn as much as you can about employers within your fields of interest and trends in the industry. Immerse yourself in publications, websites, and resources used by professionals in that field. This will help you develop a list of target employers and prepare you for networking and interviewing.
STEP 3: EVALUATE AND PRIORITIZE
The next step is to reflect. It is important to undergo a reality check for each career area you’re exploring, weigh the pros and cons, and evaluate how it matches up with who you are and what you want. Use the following questions to guide your reflection.
What is your initial reaction to the career field after your research? What appealed to you about the field? What didn’t appeal to you? List the pros and cons. What skills, knowledge, or experience will you need to be competitive for entry in this field? Are you interested enough in the field to develop these skills or knowledge? How much adapting will be necessary for you to be satisfied in this career area? No career is a perfect match, but are the less desirable components minimal?
If after your research you find that a career field is not for you, that’s fine. After all, the point of this is to help you clarify a good fit. If you didn’t get a strong impression, conduct some informational interviews to learn more.
Keep in mind entry-level positions tend to have less desirable components but serve as a stepping stone for the future. You need to think beyond just the first job and look toward the more senior positions.
STEP 4: TAKE ACTION AND TRY OPTIONS
Now it’s time to try out these career options and gain some experience, through internships, part-time jobs at Yale, and experience with student organizations. For example, campus publications need writers as well as staff to manage finances, develop multimedia, create illustrations and take pictures, oversee design and layout, manage printing and distribution, maintain websites, solicit sponsorship, and generate ad revenue.
STEP 5: REFLECT AND RE-EVALUATE
During and after an experience, take time to evaluate and reflect. What was enjoyable? What was not? Were there aspects of the experience that were challenging and aspects in which you excelled? Was it the work itself, or maybe something to do with the people that made it enjoyable?
If you’re taking time to reflect, you’re also learning more about the type of work and environment you will find most satisfying.
中文翻译
职业决策过程贯穿你的整个职业生涯，随着职业发展，你可能会再次使用这个过程。有时你可能会感到沮丧，好像离找到方向并不比开始时更近。但如果你正在经历这个过程，你就是在取得进步。你探索的每个领域都让你更接近适合自己的选择。
第一步：自我评估
首先评估你的兴趣、价值观和个性，以了解你的技术和可转移技能。考虑可能影响你搜索的因素，如地理偏好、组织文化或工作与生活的平衡。要知道评估不能定义你或告诉你应该做什么。相反，它们建议进一步探索的领域，并为你提供一个开始研究的地方。
自我评估的四个组成部分：
技能：许多技能是可转移的——意味着它们可以在广泛的行业和职能领域中使用。例如，沟通技能在所有角色中都受到重视，使其具有高度可转移性。花时间识别你的技能以及这些技能如何与职业选择联系起来很重要。
兴趣：当你接触到新的学习领域和新体验时，你的兴趣可能会改变。反思你的兴趣，结合你的技能、个性和价值观，是自我评估过程中的重要一步。使用以下问题开始你的反思。你倾向于哪些活动？这些活动吸引你的是什么？哪些问题或事业对你很重要？你生活中什么时候最快乐？你在做什么？你最喜欢的课程是什么，这些课程吸引你的是什么？你最钦佩谁，为什么？
个性：你独特的特征影响你的思想、行为、决策以及你与世界互动的方式。对一个人来说完美的工作可能对另一个人完全不适合。你在工作中需要多少与他人的互动？你更喜欢想象可能性和创新，还是喜欢处理实际事务、细节和可衡量工作？
价值观：做出与你的价值观一致的选择是职业满意度的关键组成部分。花时间定义你的价值观对你意味着什么。例如，希望有所作为常被引用为与职业相关的价值观，但这可能对每个人看起来不同。
第二步：识别和研究选项
医生和教师是我们知道的职业，但还有成千上万的其他职业，并且随着行业演变，更多职业被创造出来。探索广泛的职业选择，不要将自己限制在熟悉的职业中。
尽可能多地了解你感兴趣领域内的雇主和行业趋势。沉浸在该领域专业人士使用的出版物、网站和资源中。这将帮助你制定目标雇主列表，并为网络和面试做好准备。
第三步：评估和优先排序
下一步是反思。对你探索的每个职业领域进行现实检查很重要，权衡利弊，并评估它如何与你是谁以及你想要什么相匹配。使用以下问题指导你的反思。
研究后你对职业领域的初步反应是什么？该领域吸引你的是什么？什么不吸引你？列出利弊。你需要什么技能、知识或经验才能在该领域具有竞争力？你是否对该领域足够感兴趣以发展这些技能或知识？你需要多少适应才能在该职业领域感到满意？没有职业是完美匹配的，但不太理想的组成部分是否最小？
如果研究后你发现某个职业领域不适合你，那没关系。毕竟，这样做的目的是帮助你澄清适合的选择。如果你没有强烈印象，进行一些信息访谈以了解更多。
记住入门级职位往往有不太理想的组成部分，但可以作为未来的垫脚石。你需要超越第一份工作，展望更高级的职位。
第四步：采取行动并尝试选项
现在是时候尝试这些职业选择并获得一些经验，通过实习、耶鲁的兼职工作以及学生组织的经验。例如，校园出版物需要作家以及管理财务、开发多媒体、创建插图和拍照、监督设计和布局、管理印刷和分发、维护网站、寻求赞助和产生广告收入的员工。
第五步：反思和重新评估
在经历期间和之后，花时间评估和反思。什么是愉快的？什么不是？体验中有哪些方面具有挑战性，哪些方面你表现出色？是工作本身，还是与人有关的事情使其愉快？
如果你花时间反思，你也在更多地了解你将发现最满意的工作类型和环境。
文章概要
本文介绍了耶鲁大学职业策略办公室提出的五步职业决策过程，包括自我评估、识别和研究选项、评估和优先排序、采取行动并尝试选项、反思和重新评估。文章强调职业决策是一个持续过程，鼓励探索和反思，以找到适合的职业方向。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章就像是一个超级有用的职业寻宝地图！它告诉我们，找未来工作就像玩游戏一样，有五个步骤。第一步是看看自己喜欢什么、擅长什么，就像了解自己的超能力。第二步是去发现世界上有哪些好玩的工作，不只是医生老师哦。第三步是想想哪些工作最适合自己，就像选最喜欢的游戏角色。第四步是去试试看，比如做个小实习。第五步是做完后想想哪里好玩哪里不好玩。这样一步步来，就能慢慢找到自己超喜欢的工作啦！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：这篇文章完美体现了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）的核心原则。它强调“小步骤”的重要性，将庞大的职业决策分解为五个可操作的阶段，这直接呼应了SFBT中“分解大目标为小步骤”的技术。文章没有聚焦于问题或障碍，而是以资源导向的方式，引导个体关注自己的技能、兴趣和价值观（自我评估），这体现了SFBT的“资源取向”和“例外寻找”。评估和反思步骤鼓励个体基于自身体验（尝试选项后）构建解决方案，这正是SFBT“构建解决方案”的实践。整个过程是循环和持续的（反思与重新评估），充满了对未来的希望和可能性，完全符合SFBT的“未来导向”和“赞美进步”的精神。它赞美个体在探索过程中的每一步努力（“如果你正在经历这个过程，你就是在取得进步”），强化了积极改变的动力。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 职业迷茫与方向不明确：帮助人们通过结构化步骤找到职业兴趣。2. 大学生职业规划：为在校学生提供清晰的职业探索框架。3. 职场新人适应期：协助新人评估初期工作体验并规划下一步。4. 职业转型期决策：支持考虑转行的人系统研究新领域。5. 提升自我认知：通过评估技能、兴趣、个性、价值观加深自我了解。6. 增强决策信心：用逐步方法减少重大职业选择的压力。7. 设定切实可行的职业目标：将宏大目标分解为可行动的小步骤。8. 改善工作与生活平衡：在评估阶段考虑个人偏好，促进整体满意。9. 发展可转移技能：识别并强化适用于多种场景的核心能力。10. 建立持续学习与反思习惯：培养在职业生涯中不断评估和调整的积极模式。