英文原文
Solution-Focused Career Counseling
I was first exposed to the solution-focused approach to career counseling in 2012 through training and consultation provided by expert Teri Pichot at the Denver Center for Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. I was excited to find a model for counseling that encompassed my values and training as a social worker, and many of the principles I had been using professionally for the past 30 years. As I started applying these concepts as a college counselor, I discovered that the solution-focused approach was a strong fit for both individual career development facilitation and group workshops.
In today’s world, efficiency is highly valued. Brief therapeutic interventions are a new trend embraced by psychologists, social workers and counselors alike. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) was developed in the 1980’s by Steve deShazer and Insoo Kim Berg. This approach was founded on evidence-based practices, and research continues to prove its validity and effectiveness. New adaptations have emerged using solution-focused principles in many helping profession situations. Solution-focused career counseling also provides a framework that is aligned with standards established by the National Career Development Association (NCDA), including the first competency for Career Development Facilitators (CDF): Developing a Helping Relationship.
Once the helping relationship is established, and the career counselor has a reasonable grasp on the client’s presenting issues, it is time to move to the cornerstone of a solution-focused approach: the miracle question. The objective of the miracle question is goal formation. This may be explored as early as the first counseling session. The miracle question helps the client to envision their future, what they really want, and would make a difference in their life. Using a curious approach, the counselor asks the client to clearly define the ultimate career dream, which is developed into a goal. A scaling technique assists the client in identifying where they are today in relation to the career goal. For example, if the career goal is a “10”, how does the client define a “1,” and which number between 1 and 10 represents where they are today? Determining actions to move up the scale naturally follows, and helps to establish short and long-term steps for achieving the goal. A systems approach is embraced throughout the process, including scanning the client’s current environment to assess support and barriers that are impacting goal attainment. This may include considering the client’s perception of college, jobs, professional associations, and relationships. Ultimately, this helps to put the client’s values, skills, and networks into the perspective.
The solution-focused approach draws on a set of skills that are not only excellent counseling basics, but also keep the process moving towards a stated career goal. This process can be as brief as a single session or involve several sessions. The goal of each meeting will be defined by the client, respecting their own ability to define what they want and how they will achieve it. Using the solution-focused approach, strengths are identified and the client is encouraged to explore what has worked in the past and how to leverage those successes. The career counselor assists the client in analyzing changes in their life and what is needed systemically to support the career goal, and at the same time recognizing that this too may change and develop over time.
中文翻译
焦点解决职业咨询
我于2012年首次接触焦点解决职业咨询方法，通过丹佛焦点解决短期治疗中心专家Teri Pichot提供的培训和咨询。我很兴奋地发现这种咨询模式涵盖了我作为社会工作者的价值观和培训，以及我过去30年专业使用的许多原则。当我开始将这些概念应用于大学辅导员工作时，我发现焦点解决方法非常适合个人职业发展促进和团体工作坊。
在当今世界，效率受到高度重视。短期治疗干预是心理学家、社会工作者和咨询师都接受的新趋势。焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）由Steve deShazer和Insoo Kim Berg在20世纪80年代开发。这种方法基于循证实践，研究不断证明其有效性和效果。在许多帮助专业情境中，使用焦点解决原则的新适应方法已经出现。焦点解决职业咨询也提供了一个与国家职业发展协会（NCDA）建立的标准相一致的框架，包括职业发展促进者（CDF）的第一项能力：建立帮助关系。
一旦帮助关系建立，职业咨询师对客户呈现的问题有合理把握，就到了转向焦点解决方法基石的时候：奇迹提问。奇迹提问的目标是目标形成。这可能在第一次咨询会议中就开始探索。奇迹提问帮助客户设想他们的未来，他们真正想要什么，以及什么会让他们的生活有所不同。使用好奇的方法，咨询师要求客户明确定义最终的职业梦想，这被发展成一个目标。缩放技术帮助客户识别他们今天相对于职业目标的位置。例如，如果职业目标是“10”，客户如何定义“1”，以及1到10之间的哪个数字代表他们今天的位置？确定提升分数的行动自然随之而来，并有助于建立实现目标的短期和长期步骤。在整个过程中采用系统方法，包括扫描客户当前环境以评估影响目标达成的支持和障碍。这可能包括考虑客户对大学、工作、专业协会和关系的看法。最终，这有助于将客户的价值观、技能和网络纳入视角。
焦点解决方法利用一套技能，这些技能不仅是优秀的咨询基础，还能使过程朝着既定的职业目标前进。这个过程可以像单次会议一样简短，也可以涉及多次会议。每次会议的目标将由客户定义，尊重他们自己定义想要什么以及如何实现的能力。使用焦点解决方法，识别优势并鼓励客户探索过去有效的方法以及如何利用这些成功。职业咨询师帮助客户分析生活中的变化以及系统上需要什么来支持职业目标，同时认识到这也可能随时间变化和发展。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决职业咨询方法，特别是奇迹提问在职业目标设定中的应用。作者分享了自己从2012年开始接触并应用该方法作为大学辅导员的经验，强调其与个人价值观和职业发展促进的契合度。文章解释了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）的背景和有效性，并详细描述了奇迹提问如何帮助客户明确职业梦想、设定目标，并通过缩放技术评估当前状态和制定行动步骤。该方法注重客户的优势、过去成功经验和系统支持，尊重客户自我定义目标的能力，适用于从单次会议到多次咨询的不同情境。
高德明老师的评价
1. 用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
这篇文章讲的是怎么用“奇迹提问”来帮人找到工作目标。就像玩游戏一样，咨询师会问你：“如果你一觉醒来，发现奇迹发生，你有了最棒的工作，那会是什么样子？”然后你们一起把这个梦想变成一个小目标，再用1到10的分数看看你现在在哪里，怎么一步步提高分数。这样你就能慢慢靠近你的梦想工作啦！
2. 焦点解决心理学理论评价
这篇文章精彩地展示了焦点解决心理学在职业咨询领域的应用光芒。奇迹提问作为核心工具，完美体现了“目标导向”和“未来聚焦”的核心理念，它不纠缠于问题本身，而是直接引导客户描绘理想愿景。缩放技术的运用更是智慧之举，它将抽象目标转化为可量化的步骤，让改变过程变得清晰可见。作者对客户优势的强调和对过去成功经验的挖掘，充分展现了“资源取向”的宝贵视角，相信每个人内心都拥有解决问题的钥匙。这种尊重客户自主性、以好奇而非评判的态度陪伴探索的方法，正是焦点解决精神的美好体现。
3. 在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
应用领域：职业咨询、教育辅导、企业员工发展、青少年生涯规划、失业人员再就业支持、转行人士指导、退休规划、创业咨询、团队建设、个人成长工作坊。
可以解决的十个问题：帮助人们明确模糊的职业梦想；将宏大目标分解为可行步骤；增强对职业选择的信心和希望；识别并利用个人已有优势；克服职业转型的恐惧和不确定性；改善工作与生活的平衡感；提升求职面试中的自我表达能力；建立支持职业发展的社交网络；处理职场人际关系挑战；培养持续学习和适应变化的能力。