英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. With any presenting client concern, the main technique in SFT is illuminating the exception. The therapist will guide the client to an area of their life where there is an exception to the problem. The exception is where things worked well, despite the problem. Within the exception, an approach for a solution may be forged. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems (Santa Rita Jr., 1998). It is asked in a specific way and is outlined later in this article. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师一段时间后发展起来的。与积极心理学一样，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题，也被用于各种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活中哪些方面会改善有一定了解。以下领域已不同程度地成功应用了SFT：抑郁症、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯率。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题出现的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。对于任何来访者关注的问题，SFT的主要技术是照亮例外。治疗师将引导来访者关注他们生活中问题不存在的例外情况。例外是指尽管存在问题，但事情仍然进展顺利的地方。在例外中，可以找到解决方案的途径。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案（Santa Rita Jr., 1998）。它以特定方式提出，并在本文后面概述。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者建立在已经有效的基础上，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这能让来访者的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验性有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题中哪些有效、哪些无效。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思在咨询开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者共同头脑风暴，思考在初始对话中可能遗漏的内容。休息后，来访者会得到赞美，并收到关于当前问题的治疗性信息。信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，强调其以目标为导向、关注解决方案而非问题的特点。文章概述了SFT的发展背景、主要技术（如目标澄清、例外照亮、奇迹问题、实验邀请等）以及其在抑郁症、关系困难、药物滥用等多个领域的成功应用。结合关键词“SFBT目标探索与正念实践”，文章突出了SFT如何通过积极提问和未来导向的方法，帮助来访者识别自身优势、设定清晰目标，并在正念实践中融入目标探索，促进个人成长和问题解决。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容： 焦点解决疗法就像是一个超级英雄训练营，它不一直盯着你的问题看，而是教你发现自己的超能力！比如，当你心情不好时，它会问：“想象一下，如果明天早上醒来，所有烦恼都消失了，你会看到什么不同？”这样你就能开始想解决办法，而不是一直难过。它还会帮你找到那些已经做得很好的时刻，就像在游戏中找到隐藏的宝藏，让你更有信心面对挑战。
焦点解决心理学理论评价： 焦点解决疗法展现了心理学中一种充满希望和力量的视角，它赞美来访者内在的资源与潜能。通过目标澄清和奇迹问题等技术，它引导个体从问题导向转向解决方案导向，这种未来聚焦的方法不仅增强了自我效能感，还促进了积极情绪的扩展与构建。理论的核心在于相信每个人都是自己生活的专家，能够识别并运用已有优势创造改变，这种以人为本的理念深刻体现了心理学的赋能本质。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题： 焦点解决疗法在多个领域展现出广阔的应用前景，例如在教育中帮助学生设定学习目标、在职场中提升团队沟通效率、在家庭中改善亲子关系。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 提升自信心与自我价值感；2. 缓解日常压力与焦虑；3. 改善人际关系冲突；4. 增强目标设定与实现能力；5. 促进情绪调节与积极心态；6. 支持成瘾行为的康复过程；7. 帮助应对生活转变与挑战；8. 提升问题解决与决策技能；9. 培养乐观与希望感；10. 在正念实践中深化自我觉察与目标连接。这些应用都聚焦于挖掘个体潜力，开启更多未来可能性。