SFBT目标映射技术提升家庭治疗效果

英文原文

Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. With any presenting client concern, the main technique in SFT is illuminating the exception. The therapist will guide the client to an area of their life where there is an exception to the problem. The exception is where things worked well, despite the problem. Within the exception, an approach for a solution may be forged. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals.

中文翻译

焦点解决疗法是一种强调客户解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师后经过一段时间发展起来的。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助客户朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种客户关注的问题，也被用于各种客户群体。该方法假设客户对什么能改善他们的生活有一定了解。以下领域已不同程度地成功应用了SFT：抑郁症、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯率。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导客户设想一个没有他们呈现的问题的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。对于任何客户关注的问题，SFT的主要技术是照亮例外。治疗师将引导客户到他们生活中问题例外存在的领域。例外是指尽管存在问题，但事情进展顺利的地方。在例外中，可以找到解决方案的方法。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助客户转向解决方案导向。这个问题允许客户开始小步骤寻找呈现问题的解决方案。实验邀请是治疗师引导客户进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请客户建立在已经有效的基础上，客户自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这能让客户的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验上有效的方法，让客户找到解决当前问题有效和无效的方法。在与客户咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思他们在会议开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请客户提供更多信息，让治疗师和客户都能对初始对话中可能遗漏的内容进行头脑风暴。休息后，客户会得到赞美，并收到关于呈现问题的治疗性信息。该信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便客户带着积极的目标导向离开。

文章概要

本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，特别强调了目标映射在家庭治疗中的作用。SFT由德·沙泽尔和伯格等人开发，注重客户解决问题的能力而非问题根源，通过目标导向提问帮助客户面向未来。文章概述了SFT在抑郁症、关系困难等多个领域的成功应用，并详细解释了目标澄清、例外照亮、奇迹问题、实验邀请等关键技术。这些技术帮助客户识别优势、设定目标，并采取小步骤实现积极改变。在家庭治疗中，目标映射技术能有效促进家庭成员间的合作，共同构建解决方案，提升治疗效果。

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