英文原文
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a well-established therapeutic approach that focuses on identifying and enhancing solutions rather than dwelling on problems. It is a brief and goal-oriented form of psychotherapy that can be adapted and effectively used by sport psychologists to support athletes in achieving their full potential. SFBT was developed in the 1980s by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg as an alternative to traditional, problem-centered therapeutic approaches. It is grounded in the belief that individuals possess the internal resources and strengths necessary to find solutions to their challenges. Instead of delving into the details of problems and their origins, SFBT practitioners help clients focus on their desired outcomes and explore the steps needed to achieve those outcomes. One of the fundamental principles of SFBT is the "miracle question." In a sports psychology context, this question might be reframed as, "Imagine that one night, while you are sleeping, a miracle happens, and all your issues related to your athletic performance are resolved. What would you notice that is different when you wake up, and how would you recognize that your performance has improved?" By asking this question, the therapist encourages the athlete to envision their preferred future and establish a clear vision of success. The athlete's responses to the miracle question serve as a foundation for setting concrete, achievable goals. Another crucial concept in SFBT is the "scaling question." In the context of sports psychology, an athlete might be asked to rate their current level of performance on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest. The athlete is then guided to identify what would need to happen for them to move one step up on the scale. This scaling technique helps the athlete break down their goals into smaller, more manageable components, fostering a sense of progress and empowerment. SFBT also emphasizes the importance of exceptions. Therapists and sport psychologists explore moments when the athlete's issue was not as pronounced or when they achieved a positive outcome, even if it was temporary. By investigating these exceptions, athletes can identify their own strengths and effective strategies they may not have recognized. This process not only boosts self-esteem but also provides practical solutions to ongoing challenges. The SFBT approach respects the uniqueness of each athlete and their individual experiences. It acknowledges that what works for one athlete may not work for another. Therefore, SFBT therapists collaborate with athletes to co-create solutions that are tailored to their specific needs and preferences. This approach empowers athletes to take an active role in shaping their own solutions and strategies. SFBT's brevity is another key feature that makes it suitable for sport psychologists working with athletes. Athletes often seek quick, effective solutions to enhance their performance and overcome mental barriers. SFBT is designed to provide rapid results, typically spanning a limited number of sessions, which aligns well with the athlete's need for efficient support. The application of SFBT in the field of sports psychology can be highly effective. Athletes face a wide range of psychological challenges, from performance anxiety and self-doubt to motivation and goal setting. SFBT equips sport psychologists with a structured yet flexible approach to address these issues. It helps athletes set clear and achievable goals, build resilience, and develop coping strategies for high-pressure situations. Moreover, SFBT can be employed in various sports contexts, from individual sports like tennis and golf to team sports like soccer and basketball. Athletes at different skill levels, from amateur to elite, can benefit from SFBT. Coaches and trainers can also integrate SFBT techniques into their coaching methods to create a more supportive and empowering environment for their athletes. In conclusion, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy is a goal-oriented and pragmatic approach that is well-suited for sport psychologists aiming to help athletes achieve their potential. By focusing on solutions, setting clear goals, and empowering athletes to find their strengths, SFBT can be a valuable tool in enhancing performance, building resilience, and addressing psychological challenges. Its adaptability and efficiency make it a promising addition to the toolkit of sport psychologists dedicated to supporting athletes in their pursuit of excellence.
中文翻译
焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）是一种成熟的心理治疗方法，专注于识别和增强解决方案，而非纠结于问题。它是一种简短且目标导向的心理疗法，可被运动心理学家调整并有效使用，以支持运动员发挥其全部潜能。SFBT由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔和尹素·金·伯格在20世纪80年代开发，作为传统以问题为中心的治疗方法的替代方案。它基于一个信念，即个体拥有解决挑战所需的内在资源和优势。SFBT从业者不深入探讨问题的细节和根源，而是帮助客户专注于他们期望的结果，并探索实现这些结果所需的步骤。SFBT的基本原则之一是“奇迹问题”。在运动心理学背景下，这个问题可能被重新表述为：“想象一下，有一天晚上，当你睡觉时，奇迹发生了，所有与你的运动表现相关的问题都解决了。当你醒来时，你会注意到什么不同，以及你如何认识到你的表现已经改善？”通过提出这个问题，治疗师鼓励运动员设想他们偏好的未来，并建立清晰的成功愿景。运动员对奇迹问题的回答为设定具体、可实现的目标奠定了基础。SFBT的另一个关键概念是“评分问题”。在运动心理学背景下，运动员可能被要求以1到10的等级评估他们当前的表现水平，1为最低，10为最高。然后引导运动员识别需要发生什么才能让他们在等级上向上移动一步。这种评分技术帮助运动员将目标分解为更小、更易管理的部分，培养进步感和赋权感。SFBT还强调例外的重要性。治疗师和运动心理学家探索运动员问题不那么明显或他们取得积极结果的时刻，即使这些时刻是暂时的。通过调查这些例外，运动员可以识别他们自己的优势和可能未被认识到的有效策略。这个过程不仅提升自尊，还为持续挑战提供实际解决方案。SFBT方法尊重每位运动员的独特性及其个人经历。它承认对一位运动员有效的方法可能对另一位无效。因此，SFBT治疗师与运动员合作，共同创造适合他们特定需求和偏好的解决方案。这种方法赋予运动员在塑造自己的解决方案和策略中发挥积极作用。SFBT的简短性是另一个关键特征，使其适合与运动员合作的运动心理学家。运动员通常寻求快速、有效的解决方案来提升表现和克服心理障碍。SFBT旨在提供快速结果，通常涵盖有限次数的会话，这与运动员对高效支持的需求相吻合。SFBT在运动心理学领域的应用可以非常有效。运动员面临广泛的心理挑战，从表现焦虑和自我怀疑到动机和目标设定。SFBT为运动心理学家提供了一种结构化但灵活的方法来解决这些问题。它帮助运动员设定清晰且可实现的目标，建立韧性，并为高压情境制定应对策略。此外，SFBT可用于各种运动背景，从网球和高尔夫等个人运动到足球和篮球等团队运动。不同技能水平的运动员，从业余到精英，都可以从SFBT中受益。教练和训练师也可以将SFBT技术整合到他们的教练方法中，为运动员创造一个更支持和赋权的环境。总之，焦点解决短期疗法是一种目标导向且务实的方法，非常适合旨在帮助运动员发挥潜能的运动心理学家。通过专注于解决方案、设定清晰目标并赋予运动员发现自身优势的能力，SFBT可以成为提升表现、建立韧性和解决心理挑战的宝贵工具。其适应性和效率使其成为致力于支持运动员追求卓越的运动心理学家工具箱中的一个有前景的补充。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）在运动心理学中的应用，强调其通过目标探索帮助运动员发挥潜能。文章概述了SFBT的基本原则，如奇迹问题和评分问题，用于设定具体目标和分解挑战。它讨论了SFBT如何关注例外和个体独特性，以增强运动员的自我效能和韧性。文章还指出SFBT的简短性和适应性使其适合各种运动背景，从个人到团队运动，帮助运动员应对心理挑战，如焦虑和动机问题，从而提升表现和追求卓越。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，你是个运动员，有个方法叫焦点解决短期疗法，它不总盯着你的问题，而是帮你找到好办法。比如，问你一个“奇迹问题”：如果一觉醒来，所有运动难题都解决了，你会看到什么不同？这让你梦想未来，设定目标。还有“评分问题”：从1到10打分，你现在是几分？怎么才能提高一分？这帮你把大目标变小，一步步前进。它还会找那些你表现好的时候，让你发现自己的优点。这个方法很短很快，适合运动员需要快速进步。它能用在各种运动里，帮你更自信、更强大。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：从焦点解决心理学视角看，这篇文章精彩地展示了SFBT的核心原则在运动领域的应用。它赞美了SFBT的目标导向和解决方案聚焦，而非问题分析，这体现了对个体内在资源和优势的深刻信任。通过奇迹问题和评分问题，文章强调了构建清晰愿景和可操作步骤的重要性，这符合SFBT的未来导向和可能性思维。关注例外和个体化定制，突显了尊重客户独特性和合作共创的价值，这些都是SFBT的基石。整体上，文章传递了积极、赋能的信息，鼓励运动员和心理学家探索潜能，追求卓越。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT在运动心理学中可以应用于个人训练、团队建设、教练指导等领域。它可以解决人们的以下十个问题：1. 提升运动表现和设定可实现目标；2. 克服比赛焦虑和压力；3. 增强自信心和自我效能感；4. 改善动机和专注力；5. 处理伤病恢复和心理调适；6. 培养韧性和应对失败；7. 优化团队沟通和协作；8. 平衡运动与生活压力；9. 提升领导力和决策能力；10. 促进整体心理健康和幸福感。