英文原文
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) represents a goal-oriented counseling, strengths-based therapeutic approach that emphasizes identifying and building upon existing resources and capabilities rather than extensively analyzing problems or exploring past difficulties. This innovative therapy operates on the principle that clients already possess the tools and knowledge necessary to create positive changes in their lives, with therapists serving as facilitators who help uncover and amplify these inherent strengths and solutions. Research from University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach across diverse populations and presenting concerns. SFBT focuses on what clients want to achieve rather than what’s wrong in their lives, utilizing specific questioning techniques to help individuals envision their preferred futures and identify small, concrete steps toward goal achievement. The approach assumes that even small changes can create significant ripple effects that lead to substantial life improvements, making it possible to achieve meaningful results in relatively short timeframes. The therapy utilizes several signature techniques including the miracle question, which helps clients imagine life without their current problems, scaling questions that measure progress and motivation, exception finding that identifies times when problems are less severe or absent, and complimenting that highlights client strengths and resources. These techniques work together to shift focus from problem saturation to solution development. SFBT sessions are typically structured around identifying specific, measurable goals, exploring times when clients have successfully managed similar challenges, and developing concrete action steps that build on existing strengths and resources. This pragmatic approach appeals to individuals who prefer action-oriented therapy focused on creating immediate, practical improvements in their lives. SFBT is particularly effective for individuals who are motivated to change, have specific goals they want to achieve, and prefer practical, action-oriented approaches to problem-solving. The therapy works well for people dealing with relationship difficulties, work-related stress, parenting challenges, academic problems, or life transitions where concrete solutions and coping strategies are needed. Adolescents and young adults often respond exceptionally well to SFBT’s future-focused, strengths-based approach. Young people appreciate the therapy’s respect for their existing capabilities and its emphasis on building independence and self-efficacy rather than dwelling on problems or deficits. School counselors frequently utilize SFBT techniques to help students improve academic performance, social relationships, and behavioral choices. The approach is valuable for individuals who have limited time for therapy or prefer brief interventions that produce tangible results quickly. Busy professionals, parents, and students often appreciate SFBT’s efficiency and practical focus on immediate goal achievement rather than extensive exploration of underlying issues. SFBT works well for people who feel overwhelmed by their problems and need help shifting perspective from what’s wrong to what’s possible. The therapy’s optimistic, future-oriented approach can provide hope and motivation for individuals who feel stuck or discouraged about their ability to create positive changes. SFBT is most effective when individuals have specific, concrete goals they want to achieve and are motivated to take action toward positive change. The therapy is particularly well-suited for addressing situational difficulties, relationship conflicts, parenting challenges, work-related stress, or behavioral changes that don’t require extensive exploration of underlying psychological issues. The approach is ideal for people who want to maximize their therapy investment by achieving meaningful results in fewer sessions. SFBT typically requires 3-8 sessions, making it an excellent choice for individuals with time constraints, limited insurance coverage, or preference for brief therapeutic interventions. SFBT can serve as an effective follow-up to longer-term therapy, helping individuals maintain progress and continue building on gains achieved through previous treatment. The approach is also valuable as a first-line intervention for problems that may not require intensive therapeutic exploration. SFBT is widely available through various mental health settings including private practice counselors, community mental health centers, employee assistance programs, and school-based counseling services. Many therapists trained in different theoretical orientations incorporate SFBT techniques into their practice due to the approach’s versatility and effectiveness. School systems frequently train counselors and social workers in SFBT techniques because of their effectiveness with students and families. These school-based programs provide accessible mental health support while reducing stigma associated with seeking therapeutic services outside educational settings. Employee assistance programs and workplace wellness initiatives often utilize SFBT-trained counselors to help employees address work-related stress, relationship difficulties, or personal challenges that impact job performance. The brief nature of SFBT makes it practical for workplace settings where extended time away from work may not be feasible. Community organizations, religious institutions, and nonprofit agencies sometimes provide SFBT services, particularly for populations that might benefit from brief, goal-oriented interventions. These settings often offer sliding fee scales or accept various insurance plans to increase accessibility. Telehealth platforms increasingly offer SFBT services, making this brief therapeutic approach accessible to individuals in rural areas or those with transportation limitations. The structured, goal-oriented nature of SFBT adapts well to online delivery formats. SFBT’s effectiveness stems from its ability to help individuals recognize and utilize their existing strengths and resources, building confidence and self-efficacy that extends beyond specific presenting problems. When people discover they already possess capabilities to create positive changes, they develop greater belief in their ability to handle future challenges independently. The therapy’s focus on small, achievable goals creates momentum and hope that motivates continued progress even after therapy concludes. These early successes often generalize to other life areas, creating positive spirals where increased confidence leads to greater risk-taking and continued growth and improvement. SFBT’s emphasis on identifying exceptions—times when problems are less severe or absent—helps individuals recognize that they already know how to manage difficulties effectively. This awareness empowers people to replicate successful strategies and build on existing competencies rather than learning entirely new skills or coping mechanisms. The collaborative nature of SFBT ensures that solutions align with clients’ values, preferences, and life circumstances, increasing the likelihood that positive changes will be maintained over time. When individuals develop their own solutions with therapist facilitation, they feel greater ownership and commitment to maintaining progress. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy provides an efficient, optimistic approach to creating positive life changes by identifying existing strengths, envisioning preferred futures, and developing practical action steps toward goal achievement. This evidence-based approach helps individuals recognize their inherent capabilities while providing concrete tools for creating meaningful improvements in relationships, work performance, and overall life satisfaction through brief, focused interventions.
中文翻译
焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）是一种以目标为导向、基于优势的咨询方法，强调识别和利用现有的资源和能力，而不是广泛分析问题或探索过去的困难。这种创新疗法基于一个原则：来访者已经拥有创造积极生活改变所需的工具和知识，治疗师则作为促进者，帮助发掘和放大这些内在优势和解决方案。威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校的研究证明了这种方法在不同人群和问题中的有效性。SFBT关注来访者想要实现什么，而不是生活中出了什么问题，利用特定的提问技巧帮助个人设想他们偏好的未来，并确定实现目标的小而具体的步骤。该方法假设即使小的改变也能产生显著的连锁效应，带来实质性的生活改善，从而有可能在相对较短的时间内取得有意义的成果。该疗法使用了几种标志性技术，包括奇迹问题（帮助来访者想象没有当前问题的生活）、量表问题（衡量进展和动机）、寻找例外（识别问题较轻或不存在的时刻）以及赞美（突出来访者的优势和资源）。这些技术共同作用，将焦点从问题饱和转向解决方案开发。SFBT的会谈通常围绕识别具体、可衡量的目标，探索来访者成功应对类似挑战的时刻，以及制定基于现有优势和资源的具体行动步骤。这种务实的方法吸引那些偏好行动导向、专注于创造即时、实际生活改善的个人。SFBT特别适合那些有改变动机、有具体目标想要实现、偏好实用、行动导向问题解决方法的个人。该疗法对处理关系困难、工作压力、育儿挑战、学业问题或生活过渡（需要具体解决方案和应对策略）的人效果良好。青少年和年轻人通常对SFBT的未来导向、基于优势的方法反应特别好。年轻人欣赏该疗法对他们现有能力的尊重，以及强调建立独立性和自我效能感，而不是纠结于问题或缺陷。学校辅导员经常使用SFBT技术帮助学生提高学业表现、社交关系和行为选择。该方法对那些治疗时间有限或偏好能快速产生切实结果的简短干预的个人很有价值。忙碌的专业人士、家长和学生通常欣赏SFBT的效率和实用焦点，即专注于即时目标实现，而不是广泛探索潜在问题。SFBT对感到被问题压垮、需要帮助将视角从“出了什么问题”转向“什么是可能的”的人效果良好。该疗法的乐观、未来导向方法可以为那些感到停滞或对自己创造积极改变能力感到沮丧的人提供希望和动力。当个人有具体、明确的目标想要实现，并有动力采取行动实现积极改变时，SFBT最有效。该疗法特别适合处理情境困难、关系冲突、育儿挑战、工作压力或行为改变，这些问题不需要广泛探索潜在心理问题。该方法适合那些希望通过较少会谈获得有意义结果来最大化治疗投资的人。SFBT通常需要3-8次会谈，使其成为时间有限、保险覆盖有限或偏好简短治疗干预的个人的绝佳选择。SFBT可以作为长期治疗的有效后续，帮助个人保持进展并继续建立在先前治疗中获得的成果。该方法也适合作为可能不需要深入治疗探索的问题的一线干预。SFBT通过各种心理健康环境广泛提供，包括私人执业咨询师、社区心理健康中心、员工援助计划和学校咨询服务机构。许多接受不同理论取向培训的治疗师将SFBT技术融入实践，因为该方法的多功能性和有效性。学校系统经常培训辅导员和社会工作者使用SFBT技术，因为它们对学生和家庭有效。这些基于学校的项目提供可及的心理健康支持，同时减少在非教育环境中寻求治疗服务的污名。员工援助计划和工作场所健康倡议经常利用SFBT培训的咨询师帮助员工处理工作压力、关系困难或影响工作表现的个人挑战。SFBT的简短性质使其在工作场所环境中实用，因为长时间离开工作可能不可行。社区组织、宗教机构和非营利机构有时提供SFBT服务，特别是对那些可能受益于简短、目标导向干预的人群。这些环境通常提供滑动费用或接受各种保险计划以增加可及性。远程医疗平台越来越多地提供SFBT服务，使这种简短治疗方法对农村地区或有交通限制的个人可及。SFBT的结构化、目标导向性质很好地适应在线交付形式。SFBT的有效性源于它帮助个人识别和利用现有优势和资源的能力，建立超越特定问题的信心和自我效能感。当人们发现他们已经拥有创造积极改变的能力时，他们对自己独立应对未来挑战的能力产生更大的信念。该疗法对小的、可实现目标的关注创造了动力和希望，激励治疗结束后继续进展。这些早期成功通常推广到其他生活领域，创造积极的螺旋，其中增加的信心导致更大的冒险和持续的成长与改善。SFBT强调识别例外——问题较轻或不存在的时刻——帮助个人认识到他们已经知道如何有效管理困难。这种意识使人们能够复制成功策略并建立在现有能力上，而不是学习全新的技能或应对机制。SFBT的协作性质确保解决方案与来访者的价值观、偏好和生活环境一致，增加积极改变随时间维持的可能性。当个人在治疗师促进下开发自己的解决方案时，他们感到更大的所有权和维持进展的承诺。焦点解决短期治疗通过识别现有优势、设想偏好未来和制定实现目标的具体行动步骤，提供了一种高效、乐观的创造积极生活改变的方法。这种基于证据的方法帮助个人认识到他们固有的能力，同时提供具体工具，通过简短、聚焦的干预在关系、工作表现和整体生活满意度方面创造有意义的改善。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）作为一种以目标为导向、基于优势的心理治疗方法，强调利用现有资源和能力快速实现目标。文章详细阐述了SFBT的核心原则、技术（如奇迹问题、量表问题）、适用人群（如青少年、忙碌专业人士）、应用场景（如学校、职场、在线平台）以及其有效性机制。结合关键词“SFBT goal exploration in online counseling platforms”，文章突出了SFBT在在线咨询平台中如何帮助用户探索和实现目标，通过简短、结构化的干预促进积极改变。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：SFBT就像是一个超级好玩的游戏，它不一直盯着你的问题不放，而是帮你找到你身上已经有的超能力！比如，如果你觉得学习有点难，它会问：“想象一下，如果明天早上醒来，学习突然变简单了，你会做什么？”然后帮你发现你其实已经知道怎么让学习变好一点点的方法。它相信你本来就很棒，只是需要有人帮你看到自己的闪光点，这样你就能更快地达到目标，就像在线打游戏升级一样酷！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：SFBT展现了焦点解决心理学的精髓，它赞美来访者内在的资源与能力，而非聚焦于缺陷。这种方法以目标为导向，通过奇迹问题等技术激发对未来的积极想象，体现了“小改变带来大不同”的核心理念。它强调例外寻找，帮助个体意识到问题并非永恒存在，从而增强自我效能感。在理论层面，SFBT成功地将积极心理学元素与实用干预结合，促进快速、可持续的成长。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT可广泛应用于在线咨询平台、学校辅导、职场心理健康项目等领域。它能帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 工作压力大，需要快速减压策略；2. 亲子关系紧张，寻求和谐沟通方式；3. 学业拖延，提高学习动力和效率；4. 社交焦虑，增强人际交往信心；5. 生活过渡期迷茫，明确未来方向；6. 情绪低落，找回积极心态；7. 目标设定模糊，制定具体行动计划；8. 自我怀疑，发现自身优势；9. 时间管理困难，优化日常安排；10. 在线咨询中远程建立治疗联盟，实现便捷心理支持。