英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. Handy SFT Worksheets (PDF) include Miracle worksheet, Exceptions to the Problem Worksheet, Scaling Questions Worksheet, SMART+ Goals Worksheet. Mind mapping is an effective intervention also used to increase hope and optimism. This intervention is often used in life coaching practices. Mind mapping is a visual thinking tool that helps structure information. It helps clients to better analyze, comprehend, and generate new ideas in areas they might not have been automatically self-generated. Having it on paper gives them a reference point for future goal setting as well. Speaking to strengths and aligning those strengths with goal setting are important interventions in SFT. Recognizing and acknowledging what is already working for the client validates strengths. Self-recognition of these strengths increases self-esteem and in turn, improves forward movement. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。目标澄清是焦点解决疗法中的重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们呈现问题的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这个愿景变得更加清晰。“奇迹问题”是焦点解决疗法中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始小步迈向寻找呈现问题的解决方案。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者在已经有效的基础上构建，来访者自动关注积极方面。利用实验上有效的方法让来访者找到解决当前问题有效和无效的方法。方便的焦点解决疗法工作表（PDF）包括奇迹工作表、问题例外工作表、量表问题工作表、SMART+目标工作表。思维导图是一种有效的干预措施，也用于增加希望和乐观。这种干预常用于生活教练实践。思维导图是一种视觉思维工具，帮助构建信息。它帮助来访者更好地分析、理解并在他们可能没有自动自我生成的领域产生新想法。将其写在纸上也为他们未来的目标设定提供了参考点。谈论优势并将这些优势与目标设定对齐是焦点解决疗法中的重要干预措施。识别和承认对来访者已经有效的方法验证了优势。对这些优势的自我认可提高了自尊，进而促进了前进动力。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向和以目标为导向的。意图是通过引导来访者走向希望和乐观的方向，让他们走上积极变化的道路，从而实现视角转变。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和增加幸福感所需的变化。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法中的目标映射工具，包括目标澄清、奇迹问题、实验邀请、工作表（如奇迹工作表、量表问题工作表）和思维导图等技术。这些工具帮助来访者关注解决方案而非问题，通过积极提问和视觉化方法增强希望和乐观，促进目标设定和问题解决能力的提升。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：焦点解决疗法就像是一个超级英雄工具箱，里面有很多神奇的工具，比如“奇迹问题”让你想象如果问题突然消失会怎样，还有“思维导图”帮你把好想法画出来。这些工具不盯着问题看，而是帮你找到自己已经做得很棒的地方，然后让你变得更厉害，一步一步实现目标。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：这篇文章精彩地展示了焦点解决疗法的核心理念，即从问题导向转向解决方案导向。目标映射工具如奇迹问题和思维导图，完美体现了SFBT的赞美视角，强调来访者的内在资源和优势。通过积极提问和视觉化技术，这些工具帮助来访者构建未来可能性，增强自我效能感，这正是焦点解决心理学所倡导的目标导向和例外寻找的实践。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：焦点解决疗法目标映射工具可广泛应用于教育、职场、家庭和个人成长领域。它们可以帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 提升目标设定和实现能力；2. 增强自信心和自我认同；3. 改善情绪管理和压力应对；4. 促进人际关系和谐；5. 提高问题解决效率；6. 培养积极思维习惯；7. 加强决策和规划技能；8. 支持职业发展和学习进步；9. 助力健康生活方式养成；10. 激发创造力和创新思维。