英文原文
When worry or stuckness takes up too much room, therapy that focuses on the past can feel heavy. Solution Focused Brief Therapy (often shortened to SFBT or SFT) shifts the conversation: what small, realistic next step would make a difference? It’s concise, goal-oriented, and built around clients’ strengths—helpful when clarity and forward motion are the priority.
SFBT is a short-term, future-focused therapy that centers on goals, resources, and what’s already working—rather than a long search for causes. Typical SFBT work is brief: many studies report an average of about 4–6 sessions, though the range in research is wider (1–24 sessions). The aim is useful, measurable change in a short time. This therapy helps clients and therapists create a clear vision of a preferred future. From there, they find small, actionable steps forward, building on the client’s existing strengths and successes instead of focusing on their problems.
Key elements include goal-setting (well-formed goals): clear, observable, and client-chosen outcomes; miracle question: invites the client to imagine a day after a problem is solved, which clarifies what matters and helps set targets; exception questions: explore times when the problem did not occur (or was less severe), revealing usable strategies already in the client’s life; scaling questions: track progress by asking the client to rate where they are on a 0–10 scale and to identify next small steps to move the number; language and stance: the therapist adopts a “not-knowing” curiosity and uses clients’ own words—this preserves client agency and keeps interventions culturally respectful.
Benefits of SFBT include efficiency: short courses of therapy can produce meaningful change, which can be useful for people looking for focused, practical help quickly. Group and brief formats sometimes show strong effects; hope-centered and empowering: by focusing on solutions and existing strengths, clients often leave sessions feeling more capable and motivated; versatility: SFBT is applied successfully in individual, family, couples, school, healthcare, and organizational settings; evidence base: An umbrella review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses concluded there is high confidence that SFBT improves outcomes such as depression, overall mental health, and progress toward personal goals in adults; evidence is moderately confident for many other outcomes.
An example in a rehabilitation setting: A client recovering from an injury reports difficulty with daily exercises. The therapist asks, “If you woke up tomorrow and the problem was gone, what would you notice first?” (miracle question). The client says, “I’d be able to complete my full exercise routine without pain.” Therapist asks, “On a 0–10 scale, where are you now?” Client: “4.” Therapist: “What did you do once that made it a 4 and not a 2?” That exception points to a small, repeatable behavior (gentle stretching) to practice before the next session. Scaling lets the client track progress and build confidence.
SFBT is not denial of difficulty; it’s a strategic redirection of attention toward what works and what’s next. For many people, that shift produces surprisingly fast and useful change—small steps that add up. If short, targeted work fits the situation, or if a client wants momentum and clarity quickly, SFBT is a practical option to consider.
中文翻译
当担忧或停滞占据太多空间时，专注于过去的治疗可能会让人感到沉重。焦点解决短期治疗（常缩写为SFBT或SFT）转变了对话方式：什么小而现实的下一步会带来改变？它简洁、以目标为导向，并围绕来访者的优势构建——当清晰度和前进动力是优先事项时，这很有帮助。
SFBT是一种短期、面向未来的治疗，以目标、资源和已经在起作用的事物为中心——而不是长期寻找原因。典型的SFBT工作是简短的：许多研究报告平均约4-6次会谈，尽管研究范围更广（1-24次会谈）。目标是在短时间内实现有用、可衡量的改变。这种治疗帮助来访者和治疗师创建一个清晰的首选未来愿景。从那里，他们找到小而可操作的步骤前进，基于来访者现有的优势和成功，而不是专注于他们的问题。
关键元素包括目标设定（良好形成的目标）：清晰、可观察且由来访者选择的结果；奇迹问题：邀请来访者想象问题解决后的一天，这澄清了什么重要并帮助设定目标；例外问题：探索问题没有发生（或较轻）的时刻，揭示来访者生活中已有的可用策略；量表问题：通过要求来访者在0-10量表上评分并确定下一步小步骤来跟踪进展；语言和立场：治疗师采用“不知”的好奇心并使用来访者自己的语言——这保留了来访者的能动性并使干预在文化上尊重。
SFBT的好处包括效率：短期治疗课程可以产生有意义的改变，这对于寻求快速、专注、实际帮助的人很有用。团体和简短形式有时显示出强烈效果；以希望为中心和赋权：通过专注于解决方案和现有优势，来访者通常在会谈后感到更有能力和动力；多功能性：SFBT成功应用于个人、家庭、夫妻、学校、医疗保健和组织环境；证据基础：对现有系统评价和荟萃分析的总体回顾得出结论，高度确信SFBT改善结果，如抑郁、整体心理健康和成人个人目标进展；对许多其他结果证据中等确信。
康复环境中的示例：一位从受伤中恢复的来访者报告日常锻炼困难。治疗师问：“如果你明天醒来问题消失了，你会首先注意到什么？”（奇迹问题）。来访者说：“我能够完成完整的锻炼程序而不疼痛。”治疗师问：“在0-10量表上，你现在在哪里？”来访者：“4。”治疗师：“你曾经做了什么让它成为4而不是2？”那个例外指向一个小的、可重复的行为（轻柔拉伸）在下一次会谈前练习。量表让来访者跟踪进展并建立信心。
SFBT不是否认困难；它是将注意力战略性地重新导向什么有效和下一步是什么。对许多人来说，这种转变产生出奇快速和有用的改变——小步骤累积起来。如果短期、有针对性的工作适合情况，或者如果来访者想要快速动量和清晰度，SFBT是一个实用的选择。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）的核心概念、关键元素、益处及其在康复环境中的应用。SFBT是一种以目标为导向、短期、未来聚焦的治疗方法，强调来访者的优势和资源，通过奇迹问题、例外问题、量表问题等技术帮助设定清晰目标并采取小步骤实现改变。文章结合关键词“SFBT goal-setting in rehabilitation settings”，突出了目标设定在康复环境中的重要性，并提供了一个康复案例展示SFBT如何帮助来访者从现有成功中寻找解决方案，快速建立信心和进展。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下，如果你觉得卡住了，像玩游戏时过不了关，SFBT就像有个好朋友问你：“嘿，如果明天魔法发生，问题不见了，你会先做什么？”然后你们一起找找以前什么时候你差点过关了，用那个小秘诀再试试。在康复时，比如受伤后做锻炼，治疗师会帮你设定小目标，像“今天多做一个动作”，用1到10打分看进步，超酷的！
焦点解决心理学理论评价
SFBT展现了焦点解决心理学的精髓——它赞美来访者内在的资源与成功经验，将治疗对话从问题导向转变为目标导向。目标设定不是空洞的愿望，而是基于来访者自身优势的可操作步骤，这体现了“解决之道已在系统中”的核心信念。奇迹问题、例外问题和量表问题等工具，巧妙地将注意力引向未来可能性和已有进展，这种积极重构促进了希望感和自我效能感。在康复环境中，这种聚焦于“什么在起作用”和“下一步小行动”的方法，能加速功能恢复并增强心理韧性。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
SFBT在康复环境中可以广泛应用于物理康复、职业康复、心理康复和社区康复等领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 康复动力不足，通过小目标设定重燃行动意愿；2. 疼痛管理困难，用例外寻找缓解时刻的策略；3. 功能恢复停滞，以量表跟踪微小进步；4. 情绪低落，聚焦已有成功提升希望；5. 社交退缩，在安全环境中练习小互动；6. 家庭支持压力，引导家人关注康复资源；7. 工作重返焦虑，设定渐进式适应目标；8. 自我认同危机，强化“康复者”积极身份；9. 时间管理混乱，用可操作步骤优化日程；10. 未来迷茫感，通过奇迹问题描绘清晰愿景。每个问题都指向一个充满可能性的未来，SFBT帮助人们发现并迈出那第一步。