英文原文
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) represents a goal-oriented, strengths-based therapeutic approach that emphasizes identifying and building upon existing resources and capabilities rather than extensively analyzing problems or exploring past difficulties. This innovative therapy operates on the principle that clients already possess the tools and knowledge necessary to create positive changes in their lives, with therapists serving as facilitators who help uncover and amplify these inherent strengths and solutions. Research from University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach across diverse populations and presenting concerns. SFBT focuses on what clients want to achieve rather than what’s wrong in their lives, utilizing specific questioning techniques to help individuals envision their preferred futures and identify small, concrete steps toward goal achievement. The approach assumes that even small changes can create significant ripple effects that lead to substantial life improvements, making it possible to achieve meaningful results in relatively short timeframes. The therapy utilizes several signature techniques including the miracle question, which helps clients imagine life without their current problems, scaling questions that measure progress and motivation, exception finding that identifies times when problems are less severe or absent, and complimenting that highlights client strengths and resources. These techniques work together to shift focus from problem saturation to solution development. SFBT sessions are typically structured around identifying specific, measurable goals, exploring times when clients have successfully managed similar challenges, and developing concrete action steps that build on existing strengths and resources. This pragmatic approach appeals to individuals who prefer action-oriented therapy focused on creating immediate, practical improvements in their lives. SFBT is particularly effective for individuals who are motivated to change, have specific goals they want to achieve, and prefer practical, action-oriented approaches to problem-solving. The therapy works well for people dealing with relationship difficulties, work-related stress, parenting challenges, academic problems, or life transitions where concrete solutions and coping strategies are needed. Adolescents and young adults often respond exceptionally well to SFBT’s future-focused, strengths-based approach. Young people appreciate the therapy’s respect for their existing capabilities and its emphasis on building independence and self-efficacy rather than dwelling on problems or deficits. School counselors frequently utilize SFBT techniques to help students improve academic performance, social relationships, and behavioral choices. The approach is valuable for individuals who have limited time for therapy or prefer brief interventions that produce tangible results quickly. Busy professionals, parents, and students often appreciate SFBT’s efficiency and practical focus on immediate goal achievement rather than extensive exploration of underlying issues. SFBT works well for people who feel overwhelmed by their problems and need help shifting perspective from what’s wrong to what’s possible. The therapy’s optimistic, future-oriented approach can provide hope and motivation for individuals who feel stuck or discouraged about their ability to create positive changes. SFBT is most effective when individuals have specific, concrete goals they want to achieve and are motivated to take action toward positive change. The therapy is particularly well-suited for addressing situational difficulties, relationship conflicts, parenting challenges, work-related stress, or behavioral changes that don’t require extensive exploration of underlying psychological issues. The approach is ideal for people who want to maximize their therapy investment by achieving meaningful results in fewer sessions. SFBT typically requires 3-8 sessions, making it an excellent choice for individuals with time constraints, limited insurance coverage, or preference for brief therapeutic interventions. SFBT can serve as an effective follow-up to longer-term therapy, helping individuals maintain progress and continue building on gains achieved through previous treatment. The approach is also valuable as a first-line intervention for problems that may not require intensive therapeutic exploration. SFBT is widely available through various mental health settings including private practice counselors, community mental health centers, employee assistance programs, and school-based counseling services. Many therapists trained in different theoretical orientations incorporate SFBT techniques into their practice due to the approach’s versatility and effectiveness. School systems frequently train counselors and social workers in SFBT techniques because of their effectiveness with students and families. These school-based programs provide accessible mental health support while reducing stigma associated with seeking therapeutic services outside educational settings. Employee assistance programs and workplace wellness initiatives often utilize SFBT-trained counselors to help employees address work-related stress, relationship difficulties, or personal challenges that impact job performance. The brief nature of SFBT makes it practical for workplace settings where extended time away from work may not be feasible. Community organizations, religious institutions, and nonprofit agencies sometimes provide SFBT services, particularly for populations that might benefit from brief, goal-oriented interventions. These settings often offer sliding fee scales or accept various insurance plans to increase accessibility. Telehealth platforms increasingly offer SFBT services, making this brief therapeutic approach accessible to individuals in rural areas or those with transportation limitations. The structured, goal-oriented nature of SFBT adapts well to online delivery formats. SFBT’s effectiveness stems from its ability to help individuals recognize and utilize their existing strengths and resources, building confidence and self-efficacy that extends beyond specific presenting problems. When people discover they already possess capabilities to create positive changes, they develop greater belief in their ability to handle future challenges independently. The therapy’s focus on small, achievable goals creates momentum and hope that motivates continued progress even after therapy concludes. These early successes often generalize to other life areas, creating positive spirals where increased confidence leads to greater risk-taking and continued growth and improvement. SFBT’s emphasis on identifying exceptions—times when problems are less severe or absent—helps individuals recognize that they already know how to manage difficulties effectively. This awareness empowers people to replicate successful strategies and build on existing competencies rather than learning entirely new skills or coping mechanisms. The collaborative nature of SFBT ensures that solutions align with clients’ values, preferences, and life circumstances, increasing the likelihood that positive changes will be maintained over time. When individuals develop their own solutions with therapist facilitation, they feel greater ownership and commitment to maintaining progress. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy provides an efficient, optimistic approach to creating positive life changes by identifying existing strengths, envisioning preferred futures, and developing practical action steps toward goal achievement. This evidence-based approach helps individuals recognize their inherent capabilities while providing concrete tools for creating meaningful improvements in relationships, work performance, and overall life satisfaction through brief, focused interventions.
中文翻译
焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）是一种以目标为导向、基于优势的治疗方法，强调识别和利用现有的资源和能力，而不是广泛分析问题或探索过去的困难。这种创新疗法基于一个原则，即来访者已经拥有创造积极生活改变所需的工具和知识，治疗师则作为促进者，帮助发掘和放大这些内在优势和解决方案。威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校的研究证明了这种方法在不同人群和问题中的有效性。SFBT关注来访者想要实现什么，而不是生活中出了什么问题，利用特定的提问技巧帮助个人设想他们偏好的未来，并确定实现目标的小而具体的步骤。该方法假设即使小的改变也能产生显著的连锁效应，从而带来实质性的生活改善，使得在相对较短的时间内取得有意义的成果成为可能。该疗法使用了几种标志性技术，包括奇迹问题（帮助来访者想象没有当前问题的生活）、量表问题（衡量进展和动机）、例外发现（识别问题较轻或不存在的时刻）以及赞美（突出来访者的优势和资源）。这些技术共同作用，将焦点从问题饱和转向解决方案开发。SFBT的会谈通常围绕识别具体、可衡量的目标，探索来访者成功应对类似挑战的时刻，以及制定基于现有优势和资源的具体行动步骤。这种务实的方法吸引那些偏好以行动为导向、专注于在生活中创造即时、实际改善的个人。SFBT对于那些有改变动机、有具体目标想要实现、偏好务实、以行动为导向的问题解决方法的人特别有效。该疗法适用于处理关系困难、工作相关压力、育儿挑战、学业问题或生活过渡期的人，这些情况需要具体的解决方案和应对策略。青少年和年轻人通常对SFBT以未来为导向、基于优势的方法反应特别好。年轻人欣赏该疗法对他们现有能力的尊重，以及强调建立独立性和自我效能感，而不是纠结于问题或缺陷。学校辅导员经常使用SFBT技术帮助学生提高学业表现、社交关系和行为选择。该方法对于那些治疗时间有限或偏好能快速产生切实结果的简短干预的人很有价值。忙碌的专业人士、家长和学生通常欣赏SFBT的效率和务实焦点，即专注于即时目标实现，而不是广泛探索潜在问题。SFBT适用于那些感到被问题压垮、需要帮助将视角从“出了什么问题”转向“什么是可能”的人。该疗法乐观、以未来为导向的方法可以为那些感到停滞或对自己创造积极改变的能力感到沮丧的人提供希望和动力。当个人有具体、明确的目标想要实现，并有动力采取行动实现积极改变时，SFBT最为有效。该疗法特别适合处理情境困难、关系冲突、育儿挑战、工作相关压力或行为改变，这些情况不需要广泛探索潜在的心理问题。该方法对于那些希望通过较少会谈取得有意义结果来最大化治疗投资的人来说是理想选择。SFBT通常需要3-8次会谈，使其成为时间有限、保险覆盖有限或偏好简短治疗干预的个人的绝佳选择。SFBT可以作为长期疗法的有效后续，帮助个人维持进展并继续建立在先前治疗中取得的成果。该方法对于可能不需要密集治疗探索的问题也是一线干预的有价值选择。SFBT广泛存在于各种心理健康环境中，包括私人执业咨询师、社区心理健康中心、员工援助计划和学校咨询服务机构。许多接受不同理论取向培训的治疗师将SFBT技术融入他们的实践中，因为该方法的多样性和有效性。学校系统经常培训辅导员和社会工作者使用SFBT技术，因为它们对学生和家庭的有效性。这些基于学校的项目提供可及的心理健康支持，同时减少在校外寻求治疗服务的污名。员工援助计划和工作场所健康倡议经常利用接受SFBT培训的咨询师帮助员工处理工作相关压力、关系困难或个人挑战，这些可能影响工作表现。SFBT的简短性质使其在工作场所环境中实用，因为长时间离开工作可能不可行。社区组织、宗教机构和非营利机构有时提供SFBT服务，特别是对于那些可能受益于简短、以目标为导向的干预的人群。这些环境通常提供滑动费用标准或接受各种保险计划以增加可及性。远程医疗平台越来越多地提供SFBT服务，使这种简短治疗方法对农村地区或有交通限制的个人可及。SFBT的结构化、以目标为导向的性质很好地适应在线交付形式。SFBT的有效性源于它帮助个人识别和利用现有优势和资源的能力，建立超越特定呈现问题的信心和自我效能感。当人们发现他们已经拥有创造积极改变的能力时，他们会对自己独立应对未来挑战的能力产生更大的信念。该疗法对小的、可实现目标的关注创造了动力和希望，激励即使在治疗结束后也继续进步。这些早期成功通常推广到其他生活领域，创造积极的螺旋，其中增加的信心导致更大的冒险和持续的成长与改善。SFBT强调识别例外——问题较轻或不存在的时刻——帮助个人认识到他们已经知道如何有效管理困难。这种意识使人们能够复制成功策略并建立在现有能力上，而不是学习全新的技能或应对机制。SFBT的协作性质确保解决方案与来访者的价值观、偏好和生活环境一致，增加了积极改变随时间维持的可能性。当个人在治疗师的促进下制定自己的解决方案时，他们会感到更大的所有权和维持进展的承诺。焦点解决短期疗法通过识别现有优势、设想偏好未来和制定实现目标的具体行动步骤，提供了一种高效、乐观的创造积极生活改变的方法。这种基于证据的方法帮助个人认识到他们固有的能力，同时提供具体工具，通过简短、专注的干预在关系、工作表现和整体生活满意度方面创造有意义的改善。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）的核心原则、技术、适用人群和应用场景。SFBT是一种以目标为导向、基于优势的治疗方法，强调利用个人现有资源和能力创造积极改变，而非深入分析问题。它使用奇迹问题、量表问题等技术帮助来访者设想未来并制定具体步骤。该方法特别适合有明确目标、偏好务实干预的人群，如青少年、忙碌专业人士等，并在学校、职场、社区等多种环境中广泛应用，通过简短会谈实现可持续的积极变化。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：SFBT就像是一个超级好用的“解决问题工具箱”，它不一直盯着你哪里不好，而是帮你发现你本来就有的超能力！比如，它会问你“如果明天一觉醒来，你的烦恼都消失了，你会做什么？”这样你就能想象出美好的未来。然后，它帮你找到你已经做得很棒的小事情，让你更有信心去实现目标。这种方法特别适合想快速看到改变的同学，比如学习压力大或者和朋友闹矛盾的时候，用几节课的时间就能找到好办法。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：SFBT完美体现了焦点解决心理学的核心理念，即关注解决方案而非问题本身，强调个人的内在资源和未来可能性。它通过结构化技术如奇迹问题和例外发现，有效促进来访者从“问题饱和”转向“目标实现”，这与SFBT的赞美文化和目标导向完全一致。该疗法展示了如何通过简短干预激发自我效能感，是焦点解决理论在实践中的杰出应用，彰显了“小改变带来大不同”的哲学智慧。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT可广泛应用于学校心理咨询、职场压力管理、家庭关系辅导、社区健康项目等领域。它能帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 学业压力和目标设定困难；2. 工作与生活平衡挑战；3. 亲子沟通和家庭冲突；4. 社交焦虑和人际关系紧张；5. 情绪低落和动力不足；6. 行为习惯改变障碍；7. 生活过渡期适应问题；8. 自我价值感和信心提升；9. 压力应对策略缺乏；10. 个人成长和目标实现迷茫。这些应用都聚焦于挖掘个人优势，创造积极未来。