英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals. The main idea behind SFBT is that the techniques are positively and solution-focused to allow a brief amount of time for the client to be in therapy. Overall, improving the quality of life for each client, with them at the center and in the driver’s seat of their growth. SFBT typically has an average of 5-8 sessions. During the sessions, goals are set. Specific experimental actions are explored and deployed into the client’s daily life. By keeping track of what works and where adjustments need to be made, a client is better able to track his or her progress.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔、茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师一段时间后发展起来的。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于目标导向的提问，以帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者问题。它也被用于各种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对什么能改善他们的生活有一定了解。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们呈现的问题的未来。通过指导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找呈现问题的解决方案。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者在已经有效的基础上继续发展，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这能让来访者的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验上有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题中哪些有效、哪些无效。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思他们在会话开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者都能对初始对话中可能遗漏的内容进行头脑风暴。休息后，来访者会得到赞美，并收到关于呈现问题的治疗信息。信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。SFBT背后的主要思想是，技术是积极和以解决方案为中心的，让来访者在治疗中花费短暂的时间。总体而言，提高每个来访者的生活质量，让他们成为自己成长的中心和主导者。SFBT通常平均有5-8次会话。在会话期间，设定目标。探索具体的实验行动，并将其部署到来访者的日常生活中。通过跟踪哪些有效以及哪些需要调整，来访者能更好地跟踪自己的进展。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）及其在家庭治疗中的应用，特别强调目标导向干预技术。SFT由德·沙泽尔和伯格等人发展，注重来访者的解决问题能力而非问题根源，使用目标澄清、奇迹问题、实验邀请等技术帮助来访者设定未来目标并采取小步骤行动。文章概述了SFT的核心理念、技术方法及其在改善生活质量方面的有效性，强调来访者在治疗中的主动角色。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：焦点解决疗法就像是一个超级英雄训练营，它不一直盯着你的问题看，而是教你如何变得更强大，去解决困难。比如，治疗师会问你：“如果明天一觉醒来，问题突然消失了，你会注意到什么不同？”这让你想象美好的未来，然后一步步去实现它。它让你自己当主角，设定目标，尝试新方法，并记录什么方法有效，这样你就能看到自己的进步，变得越来越自信。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：从焦点解决心理学视角看，这篇文章精彩地展示了目标导向干预的核心优势。它赞美了来访者内在的资源和能力，通过奇迹问题等技术，将焦点从问题转向解决方案，体现了“小改变带来大不同”的哲学。文章强调了未来导向和例外寻找，这符合SFBT的核心理念，即人们已经拥有解决问题的技能，只需被引导去发现和应用。这种积极框架不仅增强来访者的希望感，还促进自我效能感的提升，为持续成长奠定基础。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：焦点解决疗法可广泛应用于家庭治疗、学校教育、职场辅导和个人成长等领域。它能帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 家庭沟通困难，通过目标设定改善互动；2. 亲子关系紧张，使用奇迹问题增强理解；3. 夫妻冲突，借助例外问题寻找和谐时刻；4. 青少年行为问题，通过实验邀请鼓励积极改变；5. 压力管理，利用缩放问题评估进展；6. 情绪调节，聚焦优势提升幸福感；7. 学业或职业目标达成，设定具体步骤；8. 社交焦虑，通过应对问题增强自信；9. 生活转型挑战，如搬家或换工作，规划未来方向；10. 自我认同探索，强化个人价值观和梦想。这些应用都基于赞美现有资源、设定清晰目标和探索未来可能性，帮助人们在生活中创造积极变化。