英文原文
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) represents a goal-oriented, strengths-based therapeutic approach that emphasizes identifying and building upon existing resources and capabilities rather than extensively analyzing problems or exploring past difficulties. This innovative therapy operates on the principle that clients already possess the tools and knowledge necessary to create positive changes in their lives, with therapists serving as facilitators who help uncover and amplify these inherent strengths and solutions. Research from University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach across diverse populations and presenting concerns.
SFBT focuses on what clients want to achieve rather than what’s wrong in their lives, utilizing specific questioning techniques to help individuals envision their preferred futures and identify small, concrete steps toward goal achievement. The approach assumes that even small changes can create significant ripple effects that lead to substantial life improvements, making it possible to achieve meaningful results in relatively short timeframes.
The therapy utilizes several signature techniques including the miracle question, which helps clients imagine life without their current problems, scaling questions that measure progress and motivation, exception finding that identifies times when problems are less severe or absent, and complimenting that highlights client strengths and resources. These techniques work together to shift focus from problem saturation to solution development.
SFBT sessions are typically structured around identifying specific, measurable goals, exploring times when clients have successfully managed similar challenges, and developing concrete action steps that build on existing strengths and resources. This pragmatic approach appeals to individuals who prefer action-oriented therapy focused on creating immediate, practical improvements in their lives.
SFBT is widely available through various mental health settings including private practice counselors, community mental health centers, employee assistance programs, and school-based counseling services. Many therapists trained in different theoretical orientations incorporate SFBT techniques into their practice due to the approach’s versatility and effectiveness.
School systems frequently train counselors and social workers in SFBT techniques because of their effectiveness with students and families. These school-based programs provide accessible mental health support while reducing stigma associated with seeking therapeutic services outside educational settings.
Employee assistance programs and workplace wellness initiatives often utilize SFBT-trained counselors to help employees address work-related stress, relationship difficulties, or personal challenges that impact job performance. The brief nature of SFBT makes it practical for workplace settings where extended time away from work may not be feasible.
Community organizations, religious institutions, and nonprofit agencies sometimes provide SFBT services, particularly for populations that might benefit from brief, goal-oriented interventions. These settings often offer sliding fee scales or accept various insurance plans to increase accessibility.
Telehealth platforms increasingly offer SFBT services, making this brief therapeutic approach accessible to individuals in rural areas or those with transportation limitations. The structured, goal-oriented nature of SFBT adapts well to online delivery formats.
SFBT’s effectiveness stems from its ability to help individuals recognize and utilize their existing strengths and resources, building confidence and self-efficacy that extends beyond specific presenting problems. When people discover they already possess capabilities to create positive changes, they develop greater belief in their ability to handle future challenges independently.
The therapy’s focus on small, achievable goals creates momentum and hope that motivates continued progress even after therapy concludes. These early successes often generalize to other life areas, creating positive spirals where increased confidence leads to greater risk-taking and continued growth and improvement.
SFBT’s emphasis on identifying exceptions—times when problems are less severe or absent—helps individuals recognize that they already know how to manage difficulties effectively. This awareness empowers people to replicate successful strategies and build on existing competencies rather than learning entirely new skills or coping mechanisms.
The collaborative nature of SFBT ensures that solutions align with clients’ values, preferences, and life circumstances, increasing the likelihood that positive changes will be maintained over time. When individuals develop their own solutions with therapist facilitation, they feel greater ownership and commitment to maintaining progress.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy provides an efficient, optimistic approach to creating positive life changes by identifying existing strengths, envisioning preferred futures, and developing practical action steps toward goal achievement. This evidence-based approach helps individuals recognize their inherent capabilities while providing concrete tools for creating meaningful improvements in relationships, work performance, and overall life satisfaction through brief, focused interventions.
中文翻译
焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）是一种以目标为导向、基于优势的治疗方法，强调识别和利用现有的资源和能力，而不是广泛分析问题或探索过去的困难。这种创新疗法基于一个原则，即来访者已经拥有创造积极生活改变所需的工具和知识，治疗师则作为促进者，帮助发掘和放大这些内在优势和解决方案。威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校的研究证明了这种方法在不同人群和问题中的有效性。
SFBT关注来访者想要实现什么，而不是他们生活中出了什么问题，利用特定的提问技巧帮助个人设想他们偏好的未来，并确定实现目标的小而具体的步骤。这种方法假设即使小的改变也能产生显著的连锁效应，从而带来实质性的生活改善，使得在相对较短的时间内取得有意义的成果成为可能。
该疗法使用了几种标志性技术，包括奇迹问题（帮助来访者想象没有当前问题的生活）、量表问题（衡量进展和动机）、例外寻找（识别问题较轻或不存在的时间）以及赞美（突出来访者的优势和资源）。这些技术共同作用，将焦点从问题饱和转向解决方案开发。
SFBT会话通常围绕识别具体、可衡量的目标，探索来访者成功应对类似挑战的时期，以及制定基于现有优势和资源的具体行动步骤。这种务实的方法吸引那些偏好行动导向、专注于创造即时、实际生活改善的个人。
SFBT广泛适用于各种心理健康环境，包括私人执业咨询师、社区心理健康中心、员工援助计划和学校咨询服务。许多接受不同理论取向培训的治疗师将SFBT技术融入他们的实践中，因为这种方法的多功能性和有效性。
学校系统经常培训咨询师和社会工作者使用SFBT技术，因为它们对学生和家庭有效。这些基于学校的项目提供可及的心理健康支持，同时减少在校外寻求治疗服务的污名。
员工援助计划和工作场所健康倡议通常利用接受SFBT培训的咨询师来帮助员工解决与工作相关的压力、关系困难或影响工作表现的个人挑战。SFBT的简短性质使其在工作场所环境中实用，因为长时间离开工作可能不可行。
社区组织、宗教机构和非营利机构有时提供SFBT服务，特别是对于那些可能从简短、目标导向干预中受益的人群。这些环境通常提供滑动费用标准或接受各种保险计划以增加可及性。
远程医疗平台越来越多地提供SFBT服务，使这种简短治疗方法对农村地区或有交通限制的个人可及。SFBT的结构化、目标导向性质很好地适应在线交付形式。
SFBT的有效性源于它帮助个人识别和利用现有优势和资源的能力，建立超越特定问题的信心和自我效能感。当人们发现他们已经拥有创造积极改变的能力时，他们会更相信自己能够独立应对未来的挑战。
该疗法对小的、可实现目标的关注创造了动力和希望，激励治疗结束后继续进步。这些早期成功通常推广到其他生活领域，创造积极的螺旋，其中增加的信心导致更大的冒险和持续的成长与改善。
SFBT强调识别例外——问题较轻或不存在的时期——帮助个人认识到他们已经知道如何有效管理困难。这种意识使人们能够复制成功策略并基于现有能力，而不是学习全新的技能或应对机制。
SFBT的协作性质确保解决方案与来访者的价值观、偏好和生活环境一致，增加了积极改变随时间维持的可能性。当个人在治疗师促进下开发自己的解决方案时，他们感到更大的所有权和维持进展的承诺。
焦点解决短期治疗通过识别现有优势、设想偏好未来和制定实现目标的具体行动步骤，提供了一种高效、乐观的创造积极生活改变的方法。这种基于证据的方法帮助个人认识到他们固有的能力，同时通过简短、集中的干预提供具体工具，在关系、工作表现和整体生活满意度方面创造有意义的改善。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）在社区心理健康项目中的目标探索应用。SFBT是一种以目标为导向、基于优势的治疗方法，强调利用现有资源而非分析问题，通过奇迹问题、量表问题等技术帮助个人设想未来并制定具体步骤。研究证明其在不同人群中的有效性，特别适用于学校、工作场所和社区环境，通过简短干预实现快速、可持续的积极改变。文章突出了SFBT在增强自信、自我效能和解决实际问题方面的优势，展示了其在心理健康服务中的广泛适用性和实践价值。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：SFBT就像是一个超级好用的“解决问题工具箱”，它不一直盯着你的麻烦，而是帮你发现你已经有的超能力！比如，它会问你“如果明天一觉醒来，问题突然消失了，你的生活会是什么样子？”这样你就能想象出美好的未来。然后，它会帮你找到你已经做得很棒的小事情，让你知道其实你早就知道怎么让自己开心起来。在学校、家里或者和朋友相处时，你都可以用这些方法让自己变得更强大、更自信，而且不用花很长时间哦！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：SFBT完美体现了焦点解决心理学的核心理念，它聚焦于来访者的优势和资源，而非问题本身。这种方法通过目标导向的提问技巧，如奇迹问题和例外寻找，有效促进个人从“问题饱和”转向“解决方案开发”。它赞美来访者的内在能力，增强其自我效能感，符合SFBT的赞美原则和目标视角。理论层面，SFBT强调小改变能引发大效应，这与焦点解决的未来可能性视角高度一致，帮助个人构建积极的自我叙事，实现可持续成长。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT可广泛应用于社区心理健康项目、学校咨询、员工援助计划、家庭治疗和远程医疗等领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 帮助青少年应对学业压力和社交困难，提升自信；2. 协助成年人管理工作压力，改善职业表现；3. 改善家庭关系，减少亲子冲突；4. 支持个人应对生活过渡期，如搬家或换工作；5. 缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪，增强情绪调节能力；6. 提升自我效能感，克服自我怀疑；7. 帮助个人设定和实现具体生活目标；8. 改善沟通技巧，增强人际关系；9. 支持成瘾康复，建立健康生活习惯；10. 增强整体生活满意度，促进积极心态发展。这些应用都基于赞美现有优势、聚焦目标实现和探索未来可能性，带来切实的积极改变。