英文原文
Solution-Focused Mediation: The Future with a Difference Fredrike P. Bannink Rather than dwelling on the conflict, solution-focused mediation asks: What would you prefer instead of the conflict? The focus is on the desired outcome: the future with a difference. Clients are considered capable of formulating their own goal and of devising solutions. The expertise of the mediator lies in asking questions that help clients in this respect and that motivate clients to change. This article demonstrates that concept and the methodology differ significantly from other types of mediation. Conversations become increasingly positive and shorter, ensuring that solution-focused mediation is also cost-effective. The solution-focused model was developed during the 1980s by de Shazer, Berg, and colleagues. They expanded upon the findings of Watzlawick, Weakland, and Fish (1974), who believed that the attempted solution to a problem would sometimes perpetuate the problem and that an understanding of the origins of the problem was not always necessary. De Shazer (1985) proposed the following tenets: • The development of a solution is not necessarily related to the problem (or conflict). An analysis of the problem itself is not useful in finding solutions, whereas an analysis of exceptions to the problem is. • The clients are the experts. They are the ones who determine the goal and the road to achieving it. • If it’s not broken, don’t fix it. Leave alone what is positive in the perception of the clients. • If something works, continue with it. • If something does not work, do something else. More of the same leads nowhere. Solution-focused mediation occurs along the following series of steps: • The first question: "What brings you here?" or "What needs to come out of this mediation?" • Developing a clearly formulated mutual goal. • Assessing motivation to change (visitor, complainant, or customer relationship). • Exploring the exceptions. • Using competence questions. • Using scaling questions (10 = very good, 0 = very bad). • Feedback at the end of the session. • Evaluating progress. • The attitude of the mediator is one of "not knowing" and "leading from one step behind." The article includes a case study of a father and son mediation, which took three sessions (four hours total). Through solution-focused techniques, they moved from conflict to improved relationship, with scaling scores increasing from 4/2.5 to 7/7.5, and celebrated with a skiing holiday. Solution-focused mediation can be successfully applied across a broad range of disputes, but it is not suitable in all cases. Indications include situations where clients have a mutual goal. Contraindications include inability to establish dialogue or mediator unwilling to let go of expert attitude. The article compares solution-focused mediation with problem-solving, transformative, and narrative mediation, highlighting differences in focus, process, and outcomes. Concluding remarks emphasize that solution-focused mediation is about the future with a difference: "What would you rather have instead?" It helps clients design desired outcomes and solutions, with positive atmosphere and motivation.
中文翻译
焦点解决调解:差异化的未来 弗雷德里克·P·班宁克 焦点解决调解不是纠缠于冲突,而是询问:你希望用什么来替代冲突?焦点在于期望的结果:差异化的未来。客户被认为有能力制定自己的目标和设计解决方案。调解员的专长在于提出帮助客户并激励他们改变的问题。本文展示了这一概念和方法与其他类型调解的显著不同。对话变得更加积极和简短,确保焦点解决调解也具有成本效益。 焦点解决模型由德·沙泽尔、伯格及其同事在20世纪80年代开发。他们扩展了瓦茨拉维克、威克兰德和菲什(1974)的发现,他们认为解决问题的尝试有时会延续问题,理解问题的起源并不总是必要的。 德·沙泽尔(1985)提出了以下原则: • 解决方案的发展不一定与问题(或冲突)相关。分析问题本身对找到解决方案没有帮助,而分析问题的例外情况则有用。 • 客户是专家。他们决定目标及实现目标的道路。 • 如果没坏,就不要修。保留客户感知中的积极部分。 • 如果某方法有效,就继续使用。 • 如果某方法无效,就尝试其他方法。重复相同的方法没有出路。 焦点解决调解遵循以下步骤: • 第一个问题:“你为什么来这里?”或“这次调解需要达成什么?” • 制定明确表述的共同目标。 • 评估改变动机(访客、抱怨者或客户关系)。 • 探索例外情况。 • 使用能力问题。 • 使用量表问题(10=非常好,0=非常差)。 • 会话结束时的反馈。 • 评估进展。 • 调解员的态度是“不知道”和“退后一步引导”。 文章包括一个父子调解的案例研究,共进行了三次会话(总计四小时)。通过焦点解决技术,他们从冲突走向关系改善,量表分数从4/2.5提高到7/7.5,并以滑雪假期庆祝。 焦点解决调解可成功应用于广泛争议,但不适用于所有情况。适应症包括客户有共同目标的情况。禁忌症包括无法建立对话或调解员不愿放弃专家态度。 文章比较了焦点解决调解与问题解决、转化和叙事调解,突出了焦点、过程和结果的差异。 结论强调,焦点解决调解是关于差异化的未来:“你更希望用什么替代?”它帮助客户设计期望的结果和解决方案,氛围积极且动机强。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决调解(SFM)作为一种创新的冲突解决方法,强调未来导向和目标协商。文章基于关键词“SFBT techniques for goal negotiation in conflict resolution”,详细阐述了焦点解决调解的核心原则、步骤和实际应用。主要内容包括:焦点解决调解的起源和发展,其与问题解决、转化、叙事调解的区别,以及一个父子调解的成功案例。文章指出,焦点解决调解通过询问“你希望用什么替代冲突?”来引导客户制定共同目标,使用例外探索、能力问题、量表问题等技术,促进积极对话和快速解决方案。这种方法在心理健康、教育、管理等领域有广泛应用,适应症包括客户有共同目标的情况,禁忌症包括无法建立对话等。整体上,焦点解决调解以客户为中心,注重赞美、目标视角和未来可能性,帮助实现“差异化的未来”。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
这篇文章讲的是怎么用“焦点解决调解”来帮助人们解决吵架或矛盾。比如,爸爸和儿子吵架了,调解员不会一直问他们为什么吵架,而是问:“你们希望以后关系变成什么样?”然后一起想办法让关系变好。他们用了打分的方法,从低分慢慢提高到高分,最后还一起去滑雪庆祝呢!这种方法就像玩游戏,目标是找到让大家都开心的未来,而不是一直想着过去的烦恼。
焦点解决心理学理论评价
从焦点解决心理学视角看,这篇文章完美体现了SFBT的核心精神。它聚焦于赞美客户的自主能力,客户被视为解决自己问题的专家,这强化了他们的自我效能感。目标视角贯穿始终,通过询问“你希望用什么替代冲突?”引导客户构建积极、具体的未来愿景,而非纠缠于问题分析。未来可能性得到充分展现,例外探索和技术如量表问题帮助客户识别已有资源和进步,激发希望和动力。调解员的“不知道”态度和“退后一步引导”体现了尊重和合作,而非权威指导,这符合SFBT的非病理化原则。整体上,文章展示了如何将SFBT技术应用于冲突解决,创造出“差异化的未来”,这是一种充满赞美、目标和可能性的实践。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
焦点解决调解技术可广泛应用于多个领域,帮助人们解决各种问题。在家庭关系中,它可以改善亲子沟通、修复夫妻感情、处理离婚后的共同抚养。在学校教育中,它能化解学生冲突、促进师生合作、增强团队凝聚力。在职场上,适用于解决同事纠纷、提升领导力、优化团队协作。在社区服务中,可调解邻里矛盾、促进社区和谐、支持志愿者协调。在心理健康领域,有助于处理个人情绪困扰、增强应对技能、提升生活满意度。具体可解决的十个问题包括:1. 家庭争吵和冷战;2. 工作场所的人际摩擦;3. 学校里的霸凌或孤立;4. 离婚后的财产和子女安排;5. 商业合作中的利益分歧;6. 社区噪音或空间争议;7. 团队项目中的责任推诿;8. 个人目标设定和实现障碍;9. 情绪管理困难如焦虑或愤怒;10. 生活转变期的适应挑战。通过焦点解决调解,人们能快速找到共赢方案,创造更积极的未来。