英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being. 1. Miracle Question: “Now, I want to ask you a strange question. Suppose that while you are sleeping tonight and the entire house is quiet, a miracle happens. The miracle is that the problem which brought you here is solved. However, because you are sleeping, you don’t know that the miracle has happened. So, when you wake up tomorrow morning, what will be different that will tell you that a miracle has happened and the problem which brought you here is solved?” 2. Presupposing change questions: “What stopped complete disaster from occurring?” “How did you avoid falling apart.” “What kept you from unraveling?” 3. Exception Questions: Tell me about times when you don’t get angry. Tell me about times you felt the happiest. When was the last time that you feel you had a better day? Was there ever a time when you felt happy in your relationship? What was it about that day that made it a better day? Can you think of a time when the problem was not present in your life? 4. Scaling Questions: “On a scale of 1-10, with 10 representing the best it can be and one the worst, where would you say you are today?” A follow-up question: “ Why a four and not a five?” Questions like these allow the client to explore the positive, as well as their commitment to the changes that need to occur. 5. Coping Questions: “How have you managed so far?” “What have you done to stay afloat?” “What is working?”
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。与积极心理学类似，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于目标导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题的未来。通过辅导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一种技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者在已经有效的方法上继续发展，来访者会自动关注积极方面。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向且目标导向的。其意图是通过引导来访者走向希望和乐观的方向，使他们走上积极改变的道路，从而实现视角转变。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和提升幸福感所需做出的改变。1. 奇迹问题：“现在，我想问你一个奇怪的问题。假设今晚你睡觉时，整个房子都很安静，一个奇迹发生了。这个奇迹就是你带来的问题解决了。然而，因为你在睡觉，你不知道奇迹已经发生。所以，当你明天早上醒来时，会有什么不同告诉你奇迹已经发生，你带来的问题已经解决了？”2. 预设改变问题：“是什么阻止了完全灾难的发生？”“你是如何避免崩溃的？”“是什么让你没有崩溃？”3. 例外问题：告诉我你没有生气的时候。告诉我你感到最快乐的时候。你上次感觉更好的一天是什么时候？有没有一次你在关系中感到快乐？那天是什么让它成为更好的一天？你能想到问题不在你生活中的时候吗？4. 量表问题：“在1-10的量表上，10代表最好，1代表最差，你今天会说自己在哪里？”后续问题：“为什么是四而不是五？”这样的问题让来访者探索积极方面，以及他们对需要发生的改变的承诺。5. 应对问题：“到目前为止你是如何应对的？”“你做了什么来保持漂浮？”“什么在起作用？”
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）中用于提升动机的目标导向提问技巧。SFT强调来访者的解决问题能力，通过积极、未来导向的提问帮助来访者设定目标并找到解决方案。核心技巧包括奇迹问题、预设改变问题、例外问题、量表问题和应对问题。这些提问方式旨在引导来访者关注积极方面、发现已有资源和例外情况，从而增强希望和乐观，促进积极改变。文章还提到SFT广泛应用于抑郁、关系困难、成瘾等多种领域，通过目标澄清和实验邀请等方法帮助来访者实现目标。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，如果你有一个魔法棒，可以让你的问题突然消失，你会看到什么不一样的事情？这就是“奇迹问题”，它帮你想想问题解决后的美好样子。还有“例外问题”，就像找找那些你本来就很开心或者没生气的时刻，看看那时候发生了什么。这些提问就像玩游戏一样，帮你发现自己的超能力，让你更有动力去改变！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：这篇文章精彩地展示了焦点解决疗法（SFBT）的核心精髓——从问题导向转向目标导向的思维模式。通过奇迹问题、例外问题等技巧，治疗师巧妙地引导来访者从“问题是什么”转向“解决方案是什么”，这种积极的视角转换本身就是一种强大的干预。量表问题不仅量化了进步，还通过后续提问（如“为什么是四而不是五”）挖掘了来访者内在的资源感和能动性。这些提问技巧完美体现了SFBT的哲学基础：相信来访者是自己生活的专家，拥有解决问题的内在智慧和资源。文章强调的“目标澄清”和“实验邀请”正是SFBT实践中促进改变的关键杠杆点。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 教育领域：帮助学生设定学习目标，提升学习动力和自信心。2. 职场环境：协助员工解决工作压力，提高团队协作效率。3. 家庭关系：改善亲子沟通，缓解家庭冲突。4. 个人成长：帮助个体克服拖延症，实现自我提升目标。5. 心理健康：辅助应对焦虑和抑郁情绪，增强心理韧性。6. 成瘾康复：支持戒除不良习惯，建立健康生活方式。7. 人际关系：提升社交技能，改善朋友和伴侣关系。8. 危机干预：在困难时期找到内在力量，平稳度过危机。9. 生涯规划：明确职业方向，制定可行的职业发展步骤。10. 社区服务：赋能社区居民，共同解决社区问题，促进社会和谐。