英文原文
How to Use the Miracle Question in Therapy: 3 Examples
The miracle question is a popular intervention in Solution-Focused Therapy. It asks the client to imagine and discuss a possible world where problems are removed and issues addressed. The question may take various forms, such as asking the client, “Assume your problem has been solved. What is different?” Or, “Assume your problem is gone. What does this mean to you?” For the therapist, the intervention can “build a good storyline and lead the client to envision how different their life would be if a miracle happened overnight.” The answers provided offer insights to the client while supporting the overall definition of the goals for therapy. The focus of SFT is on “what is preferred and helpful to clients in attaining their goals.” Clients typically find SFT a helpful approach in which the therapeutic dialogue works to construct the therapeutic outcomes. The miracle question prompts and motivates negotiation between therapist and client. When introduced into the session, it typically offers a departure from the prior dialogue. The conversation then proceeds to work out the full meaning of the answer given. The therapist must tailor the question according to the client’s experiences, language, and understanding to ensure it is appropriately understood, considered, and answered. After all, it is a big question that may not be easy to answer; it invites the client to reflect on broader issues and engage in what-if thinking. The power of the miracle question is to bring clarity to the therapeutic process while strengthening the therapeutic alliance through the client’s presentation of their problem. The purpose of the miracle question in therapy includes generating a virtual vision of what life would be like if a miracle occurred, preparing the client for exceptions to the problem, glimpsing a world in which the problem is no longer present, either temporarily or permanently, and creating a progressive narrative where the client’s life is pictured as becoming better rather than worse. For the therapist and client, the response to the miracle question becomes “the common ground upon which the two agree to build a new foundation.” Three examples of the miracle question in action include asking the client to imagine waking up after a miracle where their problem is gone and noticing the first difference, with helpful follow-ups such as “How will you know the miracle has happened?” and “What will others notice about you?” Examples of responses include “We would spend more time with each other like we used to” and “My wife would have an interest in me again like when we first started dating.” The miracle question can also be used in groups, such as with survivors of natural disasters, to facilitate adaptive coping and solution-building. Other helpful psychology techniques include exception questions, which reflect upon exceptions to present problems, and scaling questions, which assess progress toward goals. The miracle question is incredibly valuable for the client and the therapeutic process; indeed, “when therapists are taught that the miracle question is a tool for creating hope, their faith in their clients will increase, and their anxiety will decrease as a result.” Therapists can adopt the miracle question as a powerful tool for encouraging further conversation and uncovering the deeper drives that brought the client to their office for help.
中文翻译
如何在治疗中使用奇迹提问：三个实例
奇迹提问是焦点解决疗法中一种流行的干预方法。它要求来访者想象并讨论一个可能的世界，在那里问题被消除，议题得到解决。这个问题可以采取多种形式，例如询问来访者：“假设你的问题已经解决。有什么不同？”或者“假设你的问题消失了。这对你意味着什么？”对于治疗师来说，这种干预可以“构建一个良好的故事线，引导来访者设想如果一夜之间发生奇迹，他们的生活会有多么不同。”提供的答案为来访者提供见解，同时支持治疗目标的整体定义。SFT的重点是“在实现目标过程中，什么是对来访者偏好和有益的。”来访者通常发现SFT是一种有益的方法，其中治疗对话有助于构建治疗结果。奇迹提问促使并激励治疗师和来访者之间的协商。当引入会话时，它通常提供了与先前对话的偏离。然后对话继续进行，以理解所给答案的全部含义。治疗师必须根据来访者的经验、语言和理解来定制问题，以确保它被适当地理解、考虑和回答。毕竟，这是一个可能不容易回答的大问题；它邀请来访者反思更广泛的问题，并参与假设性思考。奇迹提问的力量在于为治疗过程带来清晰度，同时通过来访者呈现他们的问题来加强治疗联盟。治疗中奇迹提问的目的包括生成一个虚拟愿景，描绘如果发生奇迹生活会是什么样子，为来访者准备问题的例外情况，瞥见一个问题不再存在的世界，无论是暂时还是永久，并创建一个渐进式的叙述，其中来访者的生活被描绘为变得更好而不是更糟。对于治疗师和来访者来说，对奇迹提问的回应成为“双方同意建立新基础的共同基础。”奇迹提问的三个行动实例包括要求来访者想象在奇迹发生后醒来，他们的问题消失了，并注意到第一个不同之处，以及有用的后续问题，如“你怎么知道奇迹已经发生？”和“别人会注意到你什么？”回应的例子包括“我们会像以前一样花更多时间在一起”和“我的妻子会再次对我感兴趣，就像我们刚开始约会时一样。”奇迹提问也可以用于团体，例如与自然灾害幸存者一起，以促进适应性应对和解决方案构建。其他有用的心理学技巧包括例外提问，它反思当前问题的例外情况，以及量表提问，它评估目标进展。奇迹提问对来访者和治疗过程来说非常有价值；事实上，“当治疗师被教导奇迹提问是创造希望的工具时，他们对来访者的信心会增加，他们的焦虑会因此减少。”治疗师可以采用奇迹提问作为一个强大的工具，鼓励进一步的对话，并揭示将来访者带到他们办公室寻求帮助的更深层驱动力。
文章概要
本文介绍了奇迹提问在焦点解决疗法中的应用，通过三个实例展示了如何通过想象问题解决后的未来，帮助来访者探索目标、识别变化并构建解决方案。文章强调了奇迹提问在促进希望、清晰度和治疗联盟方面的作用，并提供了在个体和团体治疗中的具体操作方法，以及与其他技巧如例外提问和量表提问的结合使用。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，如果你一觉醒来，所有烦恼都消失了，你会注意到什么不同？比如，你可能发现和家人相处更开心了，或者学习更有动力了。奇迹提问就是让你这样去梦想一个更好的未来，然后找出第一步可以做什么，就像玩游戏一样，先设定目标再行动。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：奇迹提问完美体现了焦点解决心理学的核心理念，它聚焦于来访者的资源和未来可能性，而非问题本身。通过引导来访者构建一个没有问题的愿景，它巧妙地转移了注意力，从“问题是什么”转向“目标是什么”，从而激发内在动力和创造性思维。这种干预赞美了来访者的想象力和改变意愿，强化了他们的目标导向行为，为治疗过程注入了希望和积极能量。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：奇迹提问可广泛应用于心理咨询、教育辅导、职场发展和个人成长等领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题，包括：1. 帮助人们明确生活目标，增强方向感；2. 缓解焦虑和压力，通过未来视角带来平静；3. 改善人际关系，如家庭沟通或团队合作；4. 提升自我效能感，相信改变的可能性；5. 克服拖延习惯，激发行动动力；6. 处理情绪困扰，如抑郁或愤怒；7. 促进职业规划，找到工作意义；8. 增强学习动力，设定学业目标；9. 支持康复过程，如疾病或创伤后恢复；10. 培养乐观心态，看到生活中的积极变化。这些应用都基于赞美个体的潜力，聚焦于目标实现和未来可能性。