英文原文
Unlike many traditional forms of therapy that analyze problems by taking a deep dive into past life experiences, solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) doesn't dwell on the details of why or how things came to be. Solution-focused therapy addresses the here-and-now, concentrating on present-day solutions. Whether you're navigating addiction recovery, relationship challenges or the stressors of daily life, SFBT offers a hopeful framework to help you notice what's working, build on your strengths and move toward a more empowered version of yourself. The therapeutic approach, based on de Shazer and Berg's studies, begins with identifying and clarifying goals, and then working in collaboration with the patient to find solutions that can improve their quality of life. The method is rooted in the beliefs that people develop default patterns based on experiences, and these patterns dictate how they cope. According to Positive Psychology, "The solution-focused model holds that focusing only on problems is not an effective way of solving them. Instead, SFBT targets patients' default solution patterns, evaluates them for efficacy, and modifies or replaces them with problem-solving approaches that work." Solution-focused therapy follows the thinking that nearly everyone can be motivated to find solutions. By helping patients focus on what is working, de Shazer and Berg theorized that small, positive changes could produce a ripple effect. Typically, the therapist begins by finding out what the patient wants to get out of the session, and how life would change if their problems were resolved. This helps the therapist and patient work together to create reasonable, actionable goals to bring about the desired changes. The "miracle question" is an important strategy in this type of therapy. Intended to open the lines of creative thinking, the psychotherapist might ask: "If a miracle occurred while you were sleeping, what changes would you notice in your life when you woke up?" If it's too challenging for a patient to picture an imaginary future, the therapist might ask a "best hope question" such as "What are your best hopes for today's session?" or "How will you know things are good enough for our sessions to end?" Another question, the "coping question," is intended to help individuals recognize their resiliency. One example would be: "In the face of such difficulty, how do you manage to fulfill your obligations?" In family or couples therapy, the therapist might ask: "What do you like about your significant other and your marriage?" "Exception questions" are also useful, asking about the patient's experiences with and without the problem(s) present. This question helps individuals see when the problem failed to have power over their thoughts or moods. An example of an exception question is: "At what times have you felt happiest?" Identifying exceptions is a critical part of this type of psychotherapy because the process helps patients focus on what works and make progress toward future solutions. Before the end of each therapy session, patients are asked to evaluate their progress toward goals and plans, likely by rating them on a scale of zero to 10. This helps people identify small, reasonable steps they can take to diminish or eliminate their problems and recognize the progress they are making. While more research is needed to gauge the effectiveness of SFBT in the treatment setting, some clinicians see the method as a beneficial supplement to other evidence-based therapies. With assistance from the therapist, patients in solution-focused brief therapy can gain important insight and skills needed to make changes in their lives. SFBT offers more than a toolkit—it provides a perspective shift. By helping clients recognize their strengths, set focused goals and act on what's possible today, solution-focused therapy becomes a catalyst for transformation. Whether used on its own or alongside other modalities, SFBT invites individuals to take ownership of their healing journey with clarity, resilience and hope.
中文翻译
与许多传统疗法不同，焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）不深究过去生活经历来分析问题，也不纠结于事情为何或如何发生。焦点解决疗法关注当下，专注于当前的解决方案。无论您是在应对成瘾康复、关系挑战还是日常压力，SFBT都提供了一个充满希望的框架，帮助您注意到什么在起作用，基于您的优势，并朝着更强大的自我迈进。基于德沙泽和伯格的研究，这种治疗方法始于识别和澄清目标，然后与患者合作寻找能改善生活质量的解决方案。该方法根植于这样的信念：人们基于经验发展出默认模式，这些模式决定了他们如何应对。根据积极心理学，“焦点解决模型认为，只关注问题并不是解决问题的有效方式。相反，SFBT针对患者的默认解决方案模式，评估其有效性，并用有效的问题解决方法修改或替换它们。”焦点解决疗法遵循这样的思维：几乎每个人都能被激励去寻找解决方案。通过帮助患者关注什么在起作用，德沙泽和伯格理论认为，小的积极变化可以产生连锁反应。通常，治疗师首先了解患者希望从治疗中获得什么，以及如果问题解决，生活将如何改变。这有助于治疗师和患者共同制定合理、可行的目标，以实现期望的变化。“奇迹问题”是这种疗法的重要策略。旨在开启创造性思维，心理治疗师可能会问：“如果您睡觉时发生了奇迹，醒来时您会注意到生活中有哪些变化？”如果患者难以想象一个虚构的未来，治疗师可能会问一个“最佳希望问题”，例如“您对今天的治疗有什么最佳希望？”或“您如何知道事情已经足够好，可以结束我们的治疗了？”“应对问题”旨在帮助个人认识到他们的韧性。一个例子是：“面对这样的困难，您如何设法履行您的义务？”在家庭或夫妻治疗中，治疗师可能会问：“您喜欢您的伴侣和婚姻的哪些方面？”“例外问题”也很有用，询问患者在有和没有问题时的经历。这个问题帮助个人看到问题何时未能控制他们的思想或情绪。一个例外问题的例子是：“您在什么时候感到最快乐？”识别例外是这种心理治疗的关键部分，因为这一过程帮助患者关注什么在起作用，并朝着未来的解决方案取得进展。在每次治疗结束前，患者被要求评估他们在目标和计划上的进展，通常通过从0到10的评分量表。这帮助人们识别他们可以采取的小而合理的步骤来减少或消除问题，并认识到他们正在取得的进展。虽然需要更多研究来评估SFBT在治疗环境中的有效性，但一些临床医生认为该方法是对其他循证疗法的有益补充。在治疗师的帮助下，接受焦点解决短期治疗的患者可以获得改变生活所需的重要洞察力和技能。SFBT不仅仅是一个工具包——它提供了一种视角转变。通过帮助客户认识到他们的优势，设定专注的目标，并基于今天可能的事情采取行动，焦点解决疗法成为变革的催化剂。无论是单独使用还是与其他模式结合，SFBT邀请个人以清晰、韧性和希望来掌控他们的康复之旅。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）在成瘾治疗中的应用，特别是目标识别的重要性。SFBT强调关注当下和解决方案，而非过去问题，通过奇迹问题、应对问题和例外问题等策略，帮助患者识别目标、发挥优势并制定可行步骤。文章指出，SFBT能有效补充其他疗法，促进个人在康复过程中获得洞察力和技能，实现积极转变。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，如果你在玩游戏时遇到了一个难关，焦点解决短期疗法就像是一个聪明的教练，它不会一直问你为什么卡关，而是帮你看看现在有什么好办法可以过关。它教你注意自己已经做得很棒的地方，比如你之前是怎么跳过小怪物的，然后让你设定一个小目标，比如今天多收集一个金币。这样，你就能一步步变得更厉害，而不是老想着过去的失败。
焦点解决心理学理论评价：从焦点解决心理学的角度来看，这篇文章精彩地展现了SFBT的核心原则——聚焦于赞美、目标视角和未来可能性。它强调了识别目标的重要性，这体现了SFBT的“目标导向”理念，即帮助个体从问题中转向解决方案。通过奇迹问题和例外问题，文章突出了“例外寻找”和“资源导向”的策略，这些都能激发个体的内在力量和希望。整体上，文章传递了一种积极、赋能的态度，符合SFBT的赞美文化和未来导向思维。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在实践上，SFBT可以应用于成瘾治疗、家庭关系、职场压力、学校教育、个人成长等领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 帮助成瘾者设定康复目标并减少复发风险；2. 改善夫妻沟通和增强婚姻满意度；3. 提升学生在学习中的自信心和动力；4. 协助职场人士应对工作压力并提高效率；5. 支持个人在情绪低落时找到积极应对方式；6. 促进家庭和谐，减少冲突；7. 帮助青少年建立健康的行为习惯；8. 增强个体在面临挑战时的韧性和适应力；9. 辅助慢性疾病患者管理心理压力；10. 推动社区心理健康项目的目标设定和进展评估。