英文原文
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a therapeutic approach that emphasizes building solutions rather than dissecting problems. Among its various techniques, scaling questions stand out as a versatile and powerful tool. Scaling questions help clients assess their current situation, set goals, and measure progress in a clear, quantifiable way. This technique is pivotal in helping clients articulate their experiences, evaluate changes, and identify actionable steps toward their desired outcomes.
Scaling questions involve asking clients to rate their experiences, feelings, or behaviors on a numerical scale, typically from 0 to 10. Zero usually represents the worst possible scenario or total absence of a desired state, while ten represents the best possible scenario or the complete achievement of a goal. The purpose of scaling questions is to provide a simple, yet effective, method for clients to express and evaluate their perceptions and progress.
Why Use Scaling Questions?
• Clarifying Perceptions: Scaling questions help clients articulate their subjective experiences in a concrete and understandable manner. This clarity is crucial for both the client and the therapist in understanding the client’s current state and desired changes.
• Setting Goals: By identifying where they are on the scale and where they want to be, clients can set clear and realistic goals. Scaling questions help break down these goals into manageable steps, making the therapeutic process more structured and focused.
• Measuring Progress: Scaling questions provide a straightforward way to measure progress over time. Clients can see how their ratings change from session to session, which can boost motivation and highlight improvements, no matter how small.
• Identifying Resources and Strategies: Exploring what has contributed to a client’s rating can reveal useful resources and strategies that have already been effective. This can help in formulating practical steps to improve their situation further.
Implementing Scaling Questions in Therapy
The Process of Using Scaling Questions
• Introducing the Concept: The therapist explains the purpose and process of scaling questions to the client, ensuring they understand how to use the scale and what it represents.
• Asking the Scaling Question: The therapist poses a scaling question related to the client’s specific issue or goal. Example Question: “On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you feel completely overwhelmed by anxiety and 10 means you feel no anxiety at all, where would you place yourself right now?”
• Exploring the Rating: Once the client provides a rating, the therapist explores what that number means to them. This involves understanding why the client chose that specific number and what factors influenced their decision.
• Follow-Up Questions: “Why did you choose that number and not a lower one?” “What are you doing that helps you stay at that number and not lower?” “What would it take to move up one point on the scale?”
• Identifying Steps for Improvement: The therapist and client collaborate to identify small, achievable steps that could help the client move up the scale. These steps should be specific and actionable, making it clear what the client can do to make progress. Example: “You mentioned that spending time with friends helps reduce your anxiety. What is one thing you can do this week to spend more time with friends?”
• Revisiting the Scale: In subsequent sessions, the therapist asks the client to rate themselves again on the same scale. This helps track progress, reinforces positive changes, and allows for adjustments in the therapeutic approach as needed.
Benefits of Scaling Questions
• Simplicity and Clarity: Scaling questions simplify complex feelings and experiences, making them easier to discuss and understand. This clarity is beneficial for both the client and therapist in setting and achieving therapeutic goals.
• Empowerment and Motivation: Clients often feel empowered when they see tangible evidence of their progress. Even small improvements on the scale can boost motivation and encourage continued effort towards their goals.
• Focus on Solutions: Scaling questions naturally steer the conversation towards what is working and what can be improved. This solution-focused approach aligns with the core principles of SFBT, emphasizing strengths and possibilities rather than problems.
• Flexibility and Adaptability: Scaling questions can be adapted to a wide range of issues and contexts, making them a versatile tool in therapy. They can be used to assess emotions, behaviors, skills, confidence levels, and more.
Examples of Scaling Questions in Practice
Case Example: Depression Management
A client dealing with depression might be asked, “On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you feel completely hopeless and 10 means you feel full of hope and energy, where are you today?” The client might rate themselves a 3. The therapist explores why the client chose 3 and not a lower number, identifying small positive factors in their life. They then discuss steps to move to a 4, such as engaging in a pleasurable activity or connecting with a supportive friend.
Case Example: Relationship Improvement
A couple seeking to improve their relationship might be asked, “On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means your communication is completely ineffective and 10 means it is perfect, where do you place your communication currently?” Both partners might rate their communication as a 5. The therapist explores what contributes to this rating and what small changes could help improve it, such as setting aside time for weekly check-ins or practicing active listening skills.
In conclusion, scaling questions are a fundamental and effective tool in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. They provide a clear and structured way for clients to assess their current situation, set goals, and measure progress. By focusing on solutions, highlighting strengths, and encouraging practical steps for improvement, scaling questions empower clients to create positive and lasting changes in their lives.
中文翻译
焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）是一种强调构建解决方案而非剖析问题的治疗方法。在其众多技术中，量表问题作为一种多功能且强大的工具脱颖而出。量表问题帮助来访者以清晰、可量化的方式评估当前状况、设定目标并衡量进展。这项技术对于帮助来访者表达他们的经历、评估变化以及确定实现期望结果的可操作步骤至关重要。
量表问题涉及要求来访者用数字量表（通常从0到10）对他们的经历、感受或行为进行评分。0通常代表最糟糕的情况或完全缺乏期望状态，而10代表最好的情况或完全实现目标。量表问题的目的是为来访者提供一种简单而有效的方法来表达和评估他们的感知和进展。
为什么使用量表问题？
• 澄清感知：量表问题帮助来访者以具体且可理解的方式表达他们的主观体验。这种清晰度对于来访者和治疗师理解来访者的当前状态和期望变化至关重要。
• 设定目标：通过确定他们在量表上的位置以及他们想要达到的位置，来访者可以设定清晰且现实的目标。量表问题有助于将这些目标分解为可管理的步骤，使治疗过程更加结构化和集中。
• 衡量进展：量表问题提供了一种直接的方式来衡量随时间推移的进展。来访者可以看到他们的评分在每次会话中如何变化，这可以提升动力并突出改进，无论多么微小。
• 识别资源和策略：探索是什么促成了来访者的评分可以揭示已经有效的有用资源和策略。这有助于制定进一步改善情况的实用步骤。
在治疗中实施量表问题
使用量表问题的过程
• 介绍概念：治疗师向来访者解释量表问题的目的和过程，确保他们理解如何使用量表及其代表的意义。
• 提出量表问题：治疗师提出与来访者特定问题或目标相关的量表问题。示例问题：“在0到10的量表上，0表示你感到完全被焦虑压倒，10表示你完全没有焦虑，你现在会把自己放在哪里？”
• 探索评分：一旦来访者提供评分，治疗师探索该数字对他们意味着什么。这包括理解为什么来访者选择那个特定数字以及哪些因素影响了他们的决定。
• 后续问题：“你为什么选择那个数字而不是更低的数字？”“你在做什么帮助你保持那个数字而不降低？”“要向上移动一个点需要什么？”
• 确定改进步骤：治疗师和来访者合作确定小的、可实现的步骤，这些步骤可以帮助来访者在量表上向上移动。这些步骤应该是具体且可操作的，明确来访者可以做什么来取得进展。示例：“你提到与朋友共度时光有助于减少你的焦虑。这周你可以做哪一件事来花更多时间与朋友在一起？”
• 重新审视量表：在后续会话中，治疗师要求来访者再次在同一量表上对自己评分。这有助于跟踪进展，强化积极变化，并根据需要调整治疗方法。
量表问题的好处
• 简单性和清晰度：量表问题简化了复杂的感受和经历，使它们更容易讨论和理解。这种清晰度对于来访者和治疗师在设定和实现治疗目标方面都有益。
• 赋权和动力：当来访者看到他们进展的有形证据时，他们通常会感到被赋权。即使量表上的微小改进也可以提升动力并鼓励继续努力实现目标。
• 关注解决方案：量表问题自然地将对话导向什么在起作用以及什么可以改进。这种以解决方案为中心的方法符合SFBT的核心原则，强调优势和可能性而非问题。
• 灵活性和适应性：量表问题可以适应广泛的问题和背景，使其成为治疗中的多功能工具。它们可用于评估情绪、行为、技能、信心水平等。
实践中量表问题的示例
案例示例：抑郁管理
处理抑郁的来访者可能会被问及：“在0到10的量表上，0表示你感到完全绝望，10表示你充满希望和能量，你今天在哪里？”来访者可能给自己评分为3。治疗师探索为什么来访者选择3而不是更低的数字，识别他们生活中的小积极因素。然后他们讨论移动到4的步骤，例如参与愉快的活动或与支持性朋友联系。
案例示例：关系改善
寻求改善关系的夫妇可能会被问及：“在0到10的量表上，0表示你们的沟通完全无效，10表示完美，你们目前将沟通放在哪里？”双方可能将他们的沟通评为5。治疗师探索是什么促成了这个评分以及哪些小变化可以帮助改善它，例如留出时间进行每周检查或练习积极倾听技巧。
总之，量表问题是焦点解决短期疗法中一项基本且有效的工具。它们为来访者提供了一种清晰且结构化的方式来评估当前状况、设定目标和衡量进展。通过关注解决方案、突出优势并鼓励改进的实用步骤，量表问题赋权来访者创造积极且持久的生活变化。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期疗法（SFBT）中的量表问题技术，这是一种通过0到10的数字量表帮助来访者评估现状、设定目标和衡量进展的工具。文章详细阐述了量表问题的定义、目的、实施过程、好处以及实践案例，强调其在澄清感知、设定目标、衡量进展和识别资源方面的作用。结合关键词“使用量表问题设定目标以改善组织技能”，量表问题可以应用于组织技能提升中，帮助个人或团队量化当前组织水平、设定具体改进目标，并通过小步骤实现持续进步，从而增强时间管理、任务优先级和整体效率。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
量表问题就像是一个神奇的数字游戏，从0到10打分，0代表最糟糕的情况，10代表最棒的情况。比如，如果你在整理书包或安排时间上给自己打5分，我们可以一起想想为什么不是4分，是什么让你保持在5分，然后找出小方法让你变成6分。这样，你就能慢慢变得更有序和自信！
焦点解决心理学理论评价
量表问题完美体现了焦点解决心理学的核心理念，它不纠缠于问题本身，而是聚焦于解决方案和未来可能性。通过量化评估，来访者能够清晰看到自己的进步轨迹，这种正向反馈机制强化了自我效能感。量表问题将抽象的目标转化为具体的数字，使得改变过程变得可操作、可测量，这正是SFBT“小步骤大改变”哲学的生动实践。它赞美来访者已有的资源和能力，引导他们发现内在力量，从而自主推动积极变化。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
量表问题在多个领域具有广泛应用价值，特别是在改善组织技能方面，它可以解决以下十个问题：1. 帮助个人设定清晰的时间管理目标，提升日常效率；2. 协助团队评估项目进展，增强协作协调性；3. 支持学生规划学习任务，减少学业压力；4. 促进职场人士优化工作流程，提高生产力；5. 引导家庭管理家务分工，改善生活秩序；6. 辅助个人培养财务规划习惯，实现储蓄目标；7. 帮助个体建立健康作息，提升生活质量；8. 支持创业者梳理业务优先级，加速成长步伐；9. 促进社区活动组织，增强参与积极性；10. 引导个人发展兴趣爱好，丰富精神生活。通过量表问题，人们能够在这些领域中逐步实现从混乱到有序的转变，拥抱更美好的未来。