英文原文
Solution-Focused Art Therapy - Creativity in Therapy
In the last post, I touched on solution-focused and strengths-based approaches when I shared a review of the book Solution Art: A Textbook of Art- and Resource-Oriented Work. I wanted to follow-up this week with some more art directive information when taking a solution-focused approach with your clients.
At its core, the solution-focused approach believes that clients already have the strengths, resources, and knowledge that they need to be able to solve their “problem” and move forward. However, they often feel stuck and hopeless, so the solution-focused therapist helps them to feel more empowered, uncover their strengths and resources, identify past successes, and believe that achieving their goals is possible. Instead of acting as the “expert” who will tell the client what to do, the therapist will act in a more collaborative role. Although learning about solution-focused therapy often leads to a focus on specific techniques like “the miracle question” and scaling, it’s also important to remember that a strong therapeutic relationship is also an important part of what makes solution-focused approaches successful. When the therapist is reflecting back to the client that they believe in their strength and their ability to move forward, that helps the client to begin believing in it for themselves.
The solution-focused art therapy directives shared below provide some alternative ideas for how you can bring solution-focused and strength-based approaches into your work with your clients.
1. Past Success – Helping clients to identify and explore past successes is one way to help them recognize their own capacity to overcome challenges, as well as begin to uncover their own personal strengths, coping skills, and tools. Art directive – Show a time that you felt successful (happy, capable, proud, brave, etc.) or were able to get through a difficult situation.
2. Miracle Question – This is probably the first thing that most counselors and therapists think of when they think of solution-focused therapy. The miracle question translates well into an art directive – “Suppose tonight you go to bed and go to sleep as usual. And during the night, a miracle happens. And the problem vanishes. And the issues that concern you are resolved, but you’re still asleep. Therefore, you don’t know that the miracle has happened. When you wake up tomorrow, what will be the first things that will tell you that the miracle has happened? How will you know that the transformation has occurred?” You can direct the client to respond to the question first through art instead of verbal conversation.
3. Storyboard – Another aspect of solution-focused therapy is helping the client to identify the small, incremental steps that will move them closer to their goal. Creating a visual storyboard is one way to practice this. Start with an image that shows where/how things are now (problem state), then create an image of achieving the goal at the end. In between, fill in images that represent the small steps toward reaching the goal, break it down into several stages that feel manageable for the client.
4. Strengths Collage – Invite the client to create a collage with images that show their strengths, resources, and positive qualities. Keep in mind that this may be a very difficult prompt for some clients, especially if they are depressed or struggle with self-worth. One way to address that is to ask the client to look through the collage images without searching for anything specific, then set as any image that resonates as a positive part of themselves when they see it.
5. Future Self Portrait – This is a great example of the power of art to make something intangible or hard to believe feel more concrete and real. Although related to the miracle question or other goal-setting directives, this directive really encourages the client to focus on themselves, not the world or people around them. Art directive – Imagine a future time where your concerns have resolved and you have reached your desired goals, depict yourself in that future state.
With all these directives, feel free to allow clients to work with whatever art medium will be best for them. They can generally be adapted for drawing, painting, collage, sculpture, or sandtray.
中文翻译
焦点解决艺术疗法——治疗中的创造力
在上一篇文章中，当我分享《解决方案艺术：艺术与资源导向工作教科书》的书评时，我提到了焦点解决和优势导向的方法。本周我想跟进更多关于在与来访者采用焦点解决方法时的艺术指导信息。
焦点解决方法的核心信念是，来访者已经拥有解决“问题”并向前迈进所需的力量、资源和知识。然而，他们常常感到卡住和无望，因此焦点解决治疗师帮助他们感到更有力量，发现他们的优势和资源，识别过去的成功，并相信实现目标是可能的。治疗师不是扮演告诉来访者该做什么的“专家”，而是以更协作的角色行动。虽然学习焦点解决疗法通常会关注“奇迹问题”和量表等具体技术，但同样重要的是要记住，牢固的治疗关系也是焦点解决方法成功的重要组成部分。当治疗师向来访者反馈他们相信来访者的力量和前进能力时，这有助于来访者开始为自己相信这一点。
下面分享的焦点解决艺术疗法指导提供了一些替代思路，说明如何将焦点解决和优势导向方法融入您与来访者的工作中。
1. 过去的成功——帮助来访者识别和探索过去的成功是帮助他们认识到自己克服挑战的能力的一种方式，同时开始发现他们个人的优势、应对技能和工具。艺术指导——展示一个你感到成功（快乐、有能力、自豪、勇敢等）或能够度过困难时期的时刻。
2. 奇迹问题——这可能是大多数咨询师和治疗师想到焦点解决疗法时首先想到的事情。奇迹问题很好地转化为艺术指导——“假设今晚你像往常一样上床睡觉。在夜间，一个奇迹发生了。问题消失了。困扰你的问题解决了，但你还在睡觉。因此，你不知道奇迹已经发生。当你明天醒来时，第一件告诉你奇迹已经发生的事情是什么？你怎么知道转变已经发生？”您可以指导来访者首先通过艺术而不是口头对话来回应这个问题。
3. 故事板——焦点解决疗法的另一个方面是帮助来访者识别将使他们更接近目标的小的、渐进的步骤。创建视觉故事板是练习这一点的一种方式。从显示当前情况（问题状态）的图像开始，然后在最后创建实现目标的图像。在中间，填充代表实现目标的小步骤的图像，将其分解为几个对来访者来说感觉可管理的阶段。
4. 优势拼贴——邀请来访者创建一个拼贴画，展示他们的优势、资源和积极品质。请记住，这对一些来访者来说可能是一个非常困难的提示，特别是如果他们抑郁或与自我价值斗争。解决这个问题的一种方法是要求来访者浏览拼贴图像而不寻找任何特定的东西，然后当他们看到时，将任何引起共鸣的图像设置为自己的积极部分。
5. 未来自画像——这是艺术力量的一个很好的例子，使一些无形或难以相信的东西感觉更具体和真实。虽然与奇迹问题或其他目标设定指导相关，但这个指导真正鼓励来访者关注自己，而不是周围的世界或人。艺术指导——想象一个未来时间，你的担忧已经解决，你已经达到了期望的目标，描绘自己在那个未来状态中。
对于所有这些指导，请随意允许来访者使用最适合他们的任何艺术媒介。它们通常可以适应绘画、拼贴、雕塑或沙盘。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决艺术疗法，这是一种结合焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）原则与艺术表达的治疗方法。文章强调来访者已具备解决问题的内在资源，治疗师的角色是协作而非指导。核心内容提供了五种具体的艺术指导技巧用于目标探索：1）过去的成功——通过艺术回顾成功经历以识别个人优势；2）奇迹问题——用艺术形式描绘问题解决后的理想未来；3）故事板——视觉化呈现从现状到目标的渐进步骤；4）优势拼贴——通过图像收集展现个人积极品质；5）未来自画像——具体化描绘达成目标后的自我形象。这些技巧可灵活运用各种艺术媒介，帮助来访者突破困境、建立希望感。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
这篇文章讲的是用一种特别的艺术方法来帮助人们解决问题。就像你画画或者做手工一样，但这次是用艺术来发现自己有多棒！它教了五个好玩的方法：1）画一个你以前成功的时刻，比如考试考得好或者学会了新东西；2）想象一下，如果晚上睡觉时魔法发生了，所有问题都消失了，第二天早上你会看到什么？把它画出来；3）像画漫画一样，画出现在的情况，然后画最终目标，中间加上小步骤；4）用杂志图片拼贴出你的优点，比如“我很勇敢”或“我朋友多”；5）画一个未来的自己，所有烦恼都没了，目标都实现了。这些方法让你用艺术发现自己本来就有的力量！
焦点解决心理学理论评价
这篇文章精彩地展现了焦点解决心理学“来访者是自身问题专家”的核心信念。五种艺术指导技巧完美体现了SFBT的核心理念：关注解决方案而非问题本身、挖掘来访者既有资源、构建未来导向的愿景。特别是“过去的成功”和“优势拼贴”直接呼应了SFBT的优势视角，帮助来访者从“问题叙事”转向“资源叙事”。“奇迹问题”的艺术化呈现创造了具象化的未来图景，这正是SFBT中“构建解决方案”的关键技术。故事板技巧将宏大目标分解为可行步骤，体现了“小改变引发大变化”的SFBT哲学。这些艺术表达形式为传统的语言对话提供了补充通道，特别适合那些难以用言语表达内心世界的来访者。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
应用领域：1）学校心理咨询室——帮助青少年应对学业压力、同伴关系问题；2）社区心理健康中心——服务各类人群的情绪困扰；3）企业员工援助计划（EAP）——提升职场适应力和抗压能力；4）康复机构——辅助慢性病患者或康复者重建生活希望；5）家庭教育指导——改善亲子沟通和家庭氛围。
可以解决的十个问题：1）帮助人们发现自己过去成功时用到的内在力量；2）让那些觉得“不可能改变”的人看到未来的可能性；3）帮助目标模糊的人具体化自己的理想状态；4）提升自我价值感较低者的自我认同；5）协助焦虑者将大问题分解为可管理的小步骤；6）为抑郁情绪者提供非语言的情绪表达途径；7）增强面临转型期人士的未来方向感；8）改善人际关系中沟通困难者的自我表达；9）帮助创伤经历者重建安全感和控制感；10）支持创造力受阻者重新连接内在资源。