英文原文
Solution-focused therapy is a type of treatment that highlights a client’s ability to solve problems, rather than why or how the problem was created. It was developed over some time after observations of therapists in a mental health facility in Wisconsin by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg and their colleagues. Like positive psychology, Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) practitioners focus on goal-oriented questioning to assist a client in moving into a future-oriented direction. Solution-focused therapy has been successfully applied to a wide variety of client concerns due to its broad application. It has been utilized in a wide variety of client groups as well. The approach presupposes that clients have some knowledge of what will improve their lives. The following areas have utilized SFT with varying success: depression, relationship difficulties, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, anger management, communication difficulties, crisis intervention, incarceration recidivism reduction. Goal clarification is an important technique in SFT. A therapist will need to guide a client to envision a future without the problem with which they presented. With coaching and positive questioning, this vision becomes much more clarified. With any presenting client concern, the main technique in SFT is illuminating the exception. The therapist will guide the client to an area of their life where there is an exception to the problem. The exception is where things worked well, despite the problem. Within the exception, an approach for a solution may be forged. The ‘miracle question’ is another technique frequently used in SFT. It is a powerful tool that helps clients to move into a solution orientation. This question allows clients to begin small steps toward finding solutions to presenting problems. It is asked in a specific way and is outlined later in this article. Experiment invitation is another way that therapists guide clients into solution orientation. By inviting clients to build on what is already working, clients automatically focus on the positive. In positive psychology, we know that this allows the client’s mind to broaden and build from that orientation. Utilizing what has been working experimentally allows the client to find what does and doesn’t work in solving the issue at hand. During the second half of a consultation with a client, many SFT therapists take a break to reflect on what they’ve learned during the beginning of the session. Consultation breaks and invitations for more information from clients allow for both the therapist and client to brainstorm on what might have been missed during the initial conversations. After this break, clients are complemented and given a therapeutic message about the presenting issue. The message is typically stated in the positive so that clients leave with a positive orientation toward their goals. The questions asked in Solution-Focused Therapy are positively directed and in a goal-oriented stance. The intention is to allow a perspective shift by guiding clients in the direction of hope and optimism to lead them to a path of positive change. Results and progress come from focusing on the changes that need to be made for goal attainment and increased well being.
中文翻译
焦点解决疗法是一种强调来访者解决问题能力的治疗方法，而不是关注问题为何或如何产生。它是由史蒂夫·德·沙泽尔和茵素·金·伯格及其同事在威斯康星州一家心理健康机构观察治疗师一段时间后发展起来的。与积极心理学一样，焦点解决疗法（SFT）从业者专注于以目标为导向的提问，帮助来访者朝着面向未来的方向前进。由于其广泛的应用性，焦点解决疗法已成功应用于各种来访者关注的问题，也被用于各种来访者群体。该方法假设来访者对自己生活的改善方向有一定了解。以下领域已不同程度地成功应用了SFT：抑郁症、关系困难、药物和酒精滥用、饮食障碍、愤怒管理、沟通困难、危机干预、减少再犯率。目标澄清是SFT中的一项重要技术。治疗师需要引导来访者设想一个没有他们当前问题的未来。通过辅导和积极提问，这一愿景变得更加清晰。对于任何来访者关注的问题，SFT的主要技术是照亮例外。治疗师将引导来访者关注生活中问题不存在的例外情况。例外是指尽管存在问题，但事情仍然进展顺利的地方。在例外中，可以找到解决方案的途径。“奇迹问题”是SFT中常用的另一项技术。它是一个强大的工具，帮助来访者转向解决方案导向。这个问题让来访者开始采取小步骤寻找当前问题的解决方案。它以特定方式提出，并在本文后面概述。实验邀请是治疗师引导来访者进入解决方案导向的另一种方式。通过邀请来访者在已经有效的基础上继续发展，来访者会自动关注积极方面。在积极心理学中，我们知道这可以让来访者的思维从这种导向中拓宽和构建。利用实验证明有效的方法，让来访者找到解决当前问题有效和无效的方法。在与来访者咨询的后半段，许多SFT治疗师会休息一下，反思在咨询开始时学到的东西。咨询休息和邀请来访者提供更多信息，让治疗师和来访者共同头脑风暴，思考在初始对话中可能遗漏的内容。休息后，来访者会得到赞美，并收到关于当前问题的治疗信息。信息通常以积极的方式陈述，以便来访者带着积极的目标导向离开。焦点解决疗法中提出的问题是积极导向的，并以目标为导向的立场。其意图是通过引导来访者朝着希望和乐观的方向，让他们走上积极变化的道路。结果和进展来自于关注为实现目标和提高幸福感所需做出的改变。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决疗法（SFT）的核心技术和应用，特别强调目标探索技术。SFT由德·沙泽尔和伯格发展，注重来访者的解决问题能力而非问题根源，通过目标导向提问帮助来访者面向未来。关键技术包括目标澄清、照亮例外、奇迹问题、实验邀请和积极提问，这些技术已成功应用于抑郁症、关系困难、沟通问题等多个领域。文章还探讨了SFT在领导力发展中的潜力，通过培养希望、乐观和解决方案导向思维，帮助领导者设定清晰目标、激发团队潜力并推动积极变革。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下，你有一个魔法棒，可以让你忘记烦恼，只想着怎么让事情变得更好。焦点解决疗法就像这个魔法棒，它不问你为什么难过，而是问“如果明天一切变好了，你会看到什么不同？”这样，你就能开始想一些小办法，让自己开心起来。它帮你找到那些已经做得很棒的时刻，比如有一次你和朋友没吵架，或者你成功完成了一个任务，然后让你多做这些好事。就像玩游戏时，你找到通关的秘诀，然后一直用这个秘诀赢下去！
焦点解决心理学理论评价
从焦点解决心理学的视角来看，这篇文章闪耀着目标导向的光芒！它完美地体现了“解决之道在于未来”的核心信念，而不是沉溺于问题的过去。SFT技术如奇迹问题和照亮例外，就像探照灯一样，照亮了来访者内在的资源和优势，让我们看到每个人都是自己生活的专家。这种积极提问的方式，如同播种希望，让来访者在对话中自然生长出解决问题的芽苗。它赞美了人类与生俱来的适应力和创造力，将焦点从“什么错了”转向“什么可以更好”，这正是SFBT的精髓——在每一个挑战中寻找可能性，在每一次对话中构建新现实。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
在实践应用上，SFT的目标探索技术可以在多个领域绽放光彩：
1. 领导力发展：帮助领导者设定鼓舞人心的团队目标，激发成员潜能。
2. 教育培训：引导学生发现学习中的成功经验，提升自信心和动力。
3. 职场沟通：改善同事关系，通过积极反馈促进合作氛围。
4. 家庭关系：增强亲子互动，聚焦家庭和谐时刻。
5. 个人成长：协助个体突破自我限制，实现生涯规划。
6. 团队建设：提升团队凝聚力，共同愿景创造卓越绩效。
7. 健康管理：鼓励健康行为改变，强化积极生活习惯。
8. 创意产业：激发创新思维，突破创作瓶颈。
9. 社区服务：赋能社区居民，共同解决公共事务。
10. 危机干预：快速稳定情绪，寻找应对困境的资源。
这些技术可以帮助人们解决：目标模糊不清、缺乏动力、沟通障碍、压力管理困难、自信心不足、团队冲突、决策犹豫、变革抗拒、关系紧张、未来迷茫等十个常见问题，让每个人都能在生活舞台上跳出更美的舞蹈。