英文原文
Unlike many traditional forms of therapy that analyze problems by taking a deep dive into past life experiences, solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) doesn't dwell on the details of why or how things came to be. Solution-focused therapy addresses the here-and-now, concentrating on present-day solutions. Whether you're navigating addiction recovery, relationship challenges or the stressors of daily life, SFBT offers a hopeful framework to help you notice what's working, build on your strengths and move toward a more empowered version of yourself. The therapeutic approach, based on de Shazer and Berg's studies, begins with identifying and clarifying goals, and then working in collaboration with the patient to find solutions that can improve their quality of life. The method is rooted in the beliefs that people develop default patterns based on experiences, and these patterns dictate how they cope. According to Positive Psychology, "The solution-focused model holds that focusing only on problems is not an effective way of solving them. Instead, SFBT targets patients' default solution patterns, evaluates them for efficacy, and modifies or replaces them with problem-solving approaches that work." Solution-focused therapy follows the thinking that nearly everyone can be motivated to find solutions. By helping patients focus on what is working, de Shazer and Berg theorized that small, positive changes could produce a ripple effect. Typically, the therapist begins by finding out what the patient wants to get out of the session, and how life would change if their problems were resolved. This helps the therapist and patient work together to create reasonable, actionable goals to bring about the desired changes. The "miracle question" is an important strategy in this type of therapy. Intended to open the lines of creative thinking, the psychotherapist might ask: "If a miracle occurred while you were sleeping, what changes would you notice in your life when you woke up?" If it's too challenging for a patient to picture an imaginary future, the therapist might ask a "best hope question" such as "What are your best hopes for today's session?" or "How will you know things are good enough for our sessions to end?" Another question, the "coping question," is intended to help individuals recognize their resiliency. One example would be: "In the face of such difficulty, how do you manage to fulfill your obligations?" In family or couples therapy, the therapist might ask: "What do you like about your significant other and your marriage?" "Exception questions" are also useful, asking about the patient's experiences with and without the problem(s) present. This question helps individuals see when the problem failed to have power over their thoughts or moods. An example of an exception question is: "At what times have you felt happiest?" Identifying exceptions is a critical part of this type of psychotherapy because the process helps patients focus on what works and make progress toward future solutions. Before the end of each therapy session, patients are asked to evaluate their progress toward goals and plans, likely by rating them on a scale of zero to 10. This helps people identify small, reasonable steps they can take to diminish or eliminate their problems and recognize the progress they are making. These SFBT practices and priorities help set the tone for agency, present-moment awareness and meaningful change—without getting stuck in the past. Goal-oriented SFBT is effective in helping patients address common, everyday stressors, such as problems at school or work, but the approach might not be appropriate for people who want to figure out the underlying reasons of how or why they got to where they are today. In addition, the short-term therapy format might not be adequate for the therapist and patient to develop a strong working relationship and connect on an emotional level. Another potential limitation is that some patients might get frustrated with the concept that problems can be fixed. One major advantage of short-term, solution-focused coaching is the brevity of the sessions. The format allows patients to quickly harness the resources they already have, rather than create new ones. When this approach is used as an intervention, outcomes could be achieved in a single session or require several sessions. Patients and therapists decide together, based on progress and individual circumstances, when it's appropriate to end therapy. While more research is needed to gauge the effectiveness of SFBT in the treatment setting, some clinicians see the method as a beneficial supplement to other evidence-based therapies. With assistance from the therapist, patients in solution-focused brief therapy can gain important insight and skills needed to make changes in their lives. SFBT offers more than a toolkit—it provides a perspective shift. By helping clients recognize their strengths, set focused goals and act on what's possible today, solution-focused therapy becomes a catalyst for transformation. Whether used on its own or alongside other modalities, SFBT invites individuals to take ownership of their healing journey with clarity, resilience and hope.
中文翻译
与许多传统疗法不同，焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）不深究问题为何或如何产生，而是关注当下，专注于当前的解决方案。无论您正在应对成瘾康复、关系挑战还是日常压力，SFBT都提供了一个充满希望的框架，帮助您注意到什么在起作用，基于您的优势，迈向更强大的自我。这种治疗方法基于de Shazer和Berg的研究，始于识别和澄清目标，然后与患者合作寻找改善生活质量的解决方案。该方法植根于这样的信念：人们基于经验发展出默认模式，这些模式决定了他们如何应对。根据积极心理学，“焦点解决模型认为，只关注问题并不是解决问题的有效方式。相反，SFBT针对患者的默认解决方案模式，评估其有效性，并修改或替换为有效的解决问题方法。”焦点解决治疗遵循这样的理念：几乎每个人都能被激励找到解决方案。通过帮助患者关注什么在起作用，de Shazer和Berg理论认为，小的积极变化可以产生连锁反应。通常，治疗师首先了解患者希望从治疗中获得什么，以及如果问题解决，生活将如何改变。这有助于治疗师和患者共同制定合理、可行的目标，以实现期望的变化。“奇迹问题”是这种疗法的重要策略。旨在开启创造性思维，心理治疗师可能会问：“如果您睡觉时发生了奇迹，醒来时您会注意到生活中有哪些变化？”如果患者难以想象一个虚构的未来，治疗师可能会问一个“最佳希望问题”，例如“您对今天的治疗有什么最佳希望？”或“您如何知道事情已经足够好，可以结束我们的治疗？”“应对问题”旨在帮助个人认识到他们的韧性。一个例子是：“面对如此困难，您如何设法履行您的义务？”在家庭或夫妻治疗中，治疗师可能会问：“您喜欢您的伴侣和婚姻的哪些方面？”“例外问题”也很有用，询问患者在有和没有问题时的经历。这个问题帮助个人看到问题何时未能控制他们的思想或情绪。一个例外问题的例子是：“您在什么时候感到最快乐？”识别例外是这种心理治疗的关键部分，因为该过程帮助患者关注什么在起作用，并朝着未来的解决方案取得进展。在每次治疗结束前，患者被要求评估他们朝着目标和计划的进展，可能通过从0到10的评分。这帮助人们识别他们可以采取的小而合理的步骤来减少或消除问题，并认识到他们正在取得的进展。这些SFBT实践和优先事项有助于设定自主性、当下意识和有意义变化的基调——而不陷入过去。以目标为导向的SFBT在帮助患者应对常见的日常压力源（如学校或工作中的问题）方面是有效的，但这种方法可能不适合那些想要弄清楚他们如何或为何走到今天这一步的根本原因的人。此外，短期治疗形式可能不足以让治疗师和患者建立牢固的工作关系并在情感层面上连接。另一个潜在的限制是，一些患者可能会对问题可以解决的概念感到沮丧。短期、焦点解决辅导的一个主要优势是治疗的简洁性。这种形式允许患者快速利用他们已有的资源，而不是创造新的资源。当这种方法用作干预时，结果可能在一次治疗中实现，也可能需要几次治疗。患者和治疗师根据进展和个人情况共同决定何时适合结束治疗。虽然需要更多研究来评估SFBT在治疗环境中的有效性，但一些临床医生认为该方法是对其他循证疗法的有益补充。在治疗师的帮助下，焦点解决短期治疗中的患者可以获得改变生活所需的重要洞察和技能。SFBT不仅仅是一个工具包——它提供了一种视角转变。通过帮助客户认识到他们的优势，设定专注的目标，并采取今天可能的行动，焦点解决治疗成为变革的催化剂。无论是单独使用还是与其他模式结合使用，SFBT都邀请个人以清晰、韧性和希望来掌控他们的康复之旅。
文章概要
本文介绍了焦点解决短期治疗（SFBT）在成瘾治疗中的应用，特别强调了目标设定在同伴支持群体中的重要性。SFBT是一种关注当下解决方案的疗法，不深究过去问题，而是帮助患者识别目标、利用优势并制定可行计划。文章详细阐述了SFBT的核心原则，如奇迹问题、例外问题和应对问题，这些方法旨在激发患者的创造力和韧性。通过评分系统，患者可以评估进展并设定小目标，从而逐步实现改变。尽管SFBT在应对日常压力方面有效，但它可能不适合需要深入探究根本原因的情况。文章指出，SFBT的短期性质使其资源高效，可作为其他疗法的补充，最终帮助个体在康复过程中获得自主性和希望。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：SFBT就像是一个超级英雄训练营，它不让你一直想着过去为什么摔倒，而是教你今天怎么站起来跑得更快。如果你在戒掉坏习惯或者和朋友吵架，SFBT会帮你发现你已经做得很棒的地方，比如昨天你忍住没吃糖，或者今天你对妈妈说了谢谢。然后，它会问你：“如果明天一觉醒来，魔法让一切都变好了，你会看到什么？”这样你就能想象出美好的未来。治疗师还会让你给自己打分，看看离目标有多近，这样你就能知道每一步都在进步，就像打游戏升级一样！
焦点解决心理学理论评价：SFBT展现了焦点解决心理学的核心魅力，它卓越地跳脱了问题导向的思维定式，转而聚焦于个体的资源与可能性。这种方法赞美了人类内在的适应性和创造力，通过奇迹问题等技巧，巧妙地将注意力从“为什么有问题”转移到“如何构建解决方案”。它基于一个美丽的假设：每个人都是自己生活的专家，拥有改变的能力。SFBT的目标设定过程不是强加的外在指令，而是与患者协作发现的未来愿景，这充分体现了对个体自主性的尊重和信任。这种疗法短暂而高效，如同点亮一盏灯，照亮前行的道路，而非反复擦拭过去的尘埃。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：SFBT可广泛应用于成瘾康复支持小组、学校心理咨询、职场压力管理、家庭关系调解、社区健康项目、青少年发展计划、创伤后成长辅导、慢性病适应支持、个人成长教练和团队建设活动中。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 帮助成瘾者在同伴群体中设定戒断小目标，增强康复信心；2. 协助学生应对考试焦虑，聚焦学习有效策略；3. 引导职场人士处理工作冲突，发现沟通优势；4. 改善夫妻关系，通过例外问题重温美好时光；5. 支持家长应对育儿挑战，识别成功教养时刻；6. 帮助个体管理日常压力，如时间安排问题；7. 促进社区成员在活动中建立互助目标；8. 协助青少年规划未来，探索兴趣和梦想；9. 引导慢性病患者适应生活变化，设定健康小步骤；10. 增强团队合作，通过聚焦解决方案提升效率。